2023年考研英语一真题及答案解析
一、阅读理解
阅读理解1
题目
In the last years of the nineteenth century, the invention of the motion picture excited the imagination of European artists and influence the new school of modern painting. The new device contributed to the development of the modern conception of time and quickened the pace at which artists had to capture their impressions. The motion picture, projected on a screen, demonstrated that human sight does not see objects in a sequence, but in separate sections, and against a background. The blur of movement during each separate section of a film changed one’s sense of form and gave renewed importance to the isolated object. The early motion picture was adapted by the modern artist just as photography had been. Photography had freed the artist from involving himself with detailed realistic studies. Photogr
aphy freed him to make comprehensive studies of his subject, yet devote himself to the impression of a single moment on a more universal plane. The motion picture, like painting, is a composition of separate details, but it presents two distinct differences: the plane of the action is real space rather than a surface covered with pigment; and the motion picture gives the artist a whole series of separate views, rather than a single view of his subject. The real change in painting came about through the impressionist painters, just as the modern photographic artist was first influenced by photography. Gauguin was the first major artist to use the motion picture as a subject for paintings.
What is the main idea of this passage?
A. The motion picture changed the course of modern painting. B. Photography had a great influence on modern painting. C. Modern artists could learn from both photography and motion picture. D. Gauguin was the first photographic artist.
2023考研时间解析
这篇阅读理解文章讲述了在19世纪末，电影的发明激发了欧洲艺术家们的想象力，并影响了新的现代绘画学派的发展。电影作为一种新设备，促进了人们对于时间的现代观念的发展，并加快了艺术家捕捉印象的速度。早期的电影被现代艺术家如同摄影一样被采纳，摄影使艺术家摆脱了繁琐的现实主义研究，使他们能够对主题进行综合的研究，同时致力于在更普遍的层面上对单个时刻的印象。与绘画不同的是，电影是由许多独立的镜头组成的，它提供给艺术家一系列不同的视角，而不仅是一个视图。 这场景改变了绘画的实质。文章的主要观点是：“电影改变了现代绘画的发展方向。”
答案：A. The motion picture changed the course of modern painting.
阅读理解2
题目
A “black hole” consists of gravitational forces so intense that nothing－not even light－can escape them. The idea of such a powerful force pulling light down and thus making it invisible has always fascinated scientists. A major effect of black holes is that nothing can tr
avel faster than light. Because of this, one of the most unnerving possibilities would be if a black hole were suddenly to decide to move towards the earth. We would see no light reflected from it but we would certainly feel its mighty gravitational pull. Despite their power, black holes are fairly simple things and, moreover, very well-behaved. They only ever have three possible physical “attributes” －mass (which is always enormous), electric charge (which is always zero, i.e., they are never electrically charged) and spin (which is always enormous). These attributes, however, are not enough to bring anything on their own within the grasp of a black hole: to be engulfed a body must actually fall into it. An astronaut who had fallen into a black hole would soon meet a rather curious destiny. Initially he would be able to communicate by radio with people on the outside but as the points of his spaceship were pulled in different directions by gravitational forces, the radio waves he emitted would be stretched. Eventually they would be so stretched that they could no longer be received. At the same time the spaceship would be twisted into a “noodle shape” and finally squeezed to a point. It is not a comforting thought, but the truth is that astronomers have found that there are quite a large number of black holes around. They can only be detected
when they have another star revolving around them. If such a star can be seen to move with varying speed in a regular way it usually means that there is a black hole there pulling it around. Such a star is spoken of as being part of a binary system and the black hole is said to be the “companion” of the star. Which of the following is NOT used to define a black hole?
A. Mass. B. Electric charge. C. Spin. D. A star revolve around it.
解析
本篇阅读理解文章介绍了黑洞的概念和特征。黑洞是由引力力量构成的，它使光甚至连光都无法逃逸。黑洞对物质的吸引力非常强大，而且什么都无法比光传播得更快。文章解释了黑洞的三个可能的物理属性：质量（总是巨大），电荷（总是为零，即没有电荷），自旋（总是巨大）。然后，文章讨论了一名宇航员掉入黑洞后的命运，最后提到，当黑洞周围有另一个恒星绕其运动时，我们才能检测到黑洞的存在。文章最后提问“下列哪项不是定义黑洞的特征？”通过阅读全文可以得出答案。
答案：D. A star revolve around it.
二、完型填空
完型填空1
题目
Plant genetic engineering has generated very____1____ excitement over the past decade or so, partly because of the tremendous____2____ that it could have on agriculture and medicine, but also because of worries over ____3____ safety. Some hope to develop new genetically engineered crops that would need much ____4____ insecticide but could produce much less ____5____ for farmers, and increased crop yield Moreover, it might conceivably be possible to use plants as factories to produce chemicals and drugs, or to correct genetic defects in humans. However, before these and other ____6____ can be realized, a great deal of ____7____ work remains to be done.
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