对《茶花女》英汉译本人物外貌描写的对比与分析
作者:刘 思 华 燕
来源:《文学教育》 2014年第2期
刘 思 华 燕
内容摘要:19世纪40年代,小仲马的《茶花女》风靡法国,受到到广大读者的追捧。作者小仲马也因此而名声大噪。对于原著的翻译,无论是英文译文,还是中文译文都不胜枚举。本文挑选英汉译文各一本,旨在对其中的人物外貌描写作出一定的对比与分析,力图挖掘其中翻译的精妙之处。
关键词:茶花女 小仲马 翻译 外貌描写
19世纪40年代,《茶花女》一炮打响,人们争相阅读,作者小仲马也因此而名声大噪。小说主要围绕女主角玛格丽特·戈蒂埃的生平所展开。讲述了原本为贫家女的玛格丽特·戈蒂埃如何沦落风尘,凭其绝世的美和高雅的气质,很快成为一代名妓,最后红颜薄命,25岁便病逝的凄惨故事。小说中运用了大量的人物外貌描写,尤其是对女主角的外貌描写。那么,作为法国名著的《茶花女》其英汉译文在对人物外貌描写上有何异同呢?下面将依次罗列部分小说中的人物外貌描写,将英汉版本作对比与分析。
例1:
It was impossible to see more charm in beauty than in that of Marguerite. Excessively tall and thin, she had in the fullest degree the art of repairing this oversight of Nature by the mere arrangement of the things she wore. Her cashmere reached to the ground, and showed on each side the large flounces of a silk dress, and the heavy muff which she held pressed against her bosom was surrounded by such cunningly arranged folds that the eye, however exacting, could find no fault with the contour of the lines. Her head, a marvel, was the object of the most coquettish care. It was small, and her mother, as Musset would say, seemed to have made it so in order to make it with care.
的确,世间再不可能见到比玛格丽特更迷人的玉貌花容了。
她高挑的个头,身材未免苗条得过分,但是,她衣着上善于搭配,以高超的技巧稍一调解,就消除了造化的这种疏失。她那条开司米大披巾边角一直垂到地面,两侧飘逸出丝绸衣裙宽宽的花边,还有厚厚的手笼,藏住双手,紧紧贴在胸前,四周围着十分巧妙排列的褶皱,线条那么优美,再挑剔的目光也挑不出毛病。
她那颗头简直妙不可言,正是着意修饰的部分,天生小巧玲珑,大概是谬赛说过,母亲特意给她生了一个适于打扮的脑袋。
通过对比同一外貌描写的不同译文版本,可以看出:首先,中文版将内容划分为三段。中文比较注重意段落的划分,将第一句话独立成段,既有概括总结的效果,又达到了启下的作用。后面划分为两段,内容更清晰,更有层次感。使读者对于所读内容一目了然。避免中文译文过于冗长。其次,单从外貌上看,英汉译文在内容上几乎一致,并无明显增译或省译。并且,二者在外貌描写的顺序上也保持了一致。最后,中文译文多处用到了汉语成语既简洁明了,更起到了妙笔生花的效果,同时,符合中文的行文风格,方便中文读者阅读。例如:charm in beauty译为玉貌花容,a marvel 译为妙不可言,be small译为 小巧玲珑。
例2:
She was elegantly dressed; she wore a muslin dress with many flounces, and Indian shawl embroidered at the corners with gold and silk flowers, a straw hat, a single bracelet, and a heavy gold chain, such as was just then beginning to be the fashion.
她的衣着打扮十分素雅,身穿一件镶满褶皱花边的细布连衣裙,披一条金线绣花的印度绸方巾,头戴一顶意大利草帽,只有一只手腕上戴着手镯,是当时开始流行的一条粗金链镯。
首先,从外貌描写上看,英汉译文内容上并无明显增译或省译。同时,外貌描写的顺序也一样。但是,中文译文在原来英文译文的基础上增译了许多动词。例如:镶、披、戴。英文译文全部都是使用的
状语,而中文则需要增译动词,这更加符合中文的习惯。也把女主人公的外貌描写得生动形象,跃然纸上。同时,也使得中文译文更具有多样性,让译文读起来更加朗朗上口。
例3:
There was a kind of candour in this woman. You could see she was still in the virginity of vice. Her firm walk, her supple figure, her rosy, open nostrils, her large eyes, slightly tinged with blue, indicated one of those ardent natures which shed around them a sort of voluptuous perfume, like Eastern nails, which, close them as tightly as you will, still let some of their perfume escape.
这个女人身上,还保留几分天生的单纯。
描写人物外貌的段落 看得出来,她还处于放荡生活的天真阶段。她沉稳的步伐、柔软的身姿、张开的粉红鼻孔、略带蓝眼圈的那对大眼睛,都显示出一种热情洋溢的天性,能向周围散发一种享乐的芳香,好似那种东方的小酒瓶,盖子拧得再紧,里面的酒香也要飘逸出来。
中文译文根据意将英文译文拆分为两段,达到了层次分明的效果,同时人物外貌描写背后蕴含的作者的情感也可见一斑。其次,英汉译文在外貌描写顺序上保持了一致性,内容上也没有明显增译或省译。同时,中文译文在形容词的选择上可谓精雕细琢,非常到位。Virginity of vice 译为放荡,firm walk
译为沉稳的步伐,supple figure译为柔软的身姿,ardent译为热情洋溢。这些小词的准确使用为译文的总体效果增不少。
例4:
Toward the end of supper Marguerite was seized by a more violent fit of coughing than and she had had while I was there. It seemed as if her chest were being torn in two. The poor girl turned crimson, closed her eyes under the pain, and put her napkin to her lips. It was stained with a drop of blood. She rose and ran into her dressing-room.
夜宵临结束的时候,玛格丽特又突然一阵猛咳,是我到来之后发作最厉害的一次,她的胸口仿佛从里面撕裂开来。可怜的姑娘,一张脸涨成紫红,痛苦得闭上双眼,拿起餐巾捂住嘴唇,而餐巾被一滴鲜血染红了。于是她站起身,跑向梳妆室。
英文译文中的be seized by a more violent fit of coughing被译为“一阵猛咳”,简单明了,一针见血。同时,用主动式代替原来的被动式更加生动形象。It seemed as if her chest were being torn in two.译为“她的胸口仿佛从里面撕裂开来”,句中包含的明喻译得很准确。The poor girl turned crimson译为“可怜的姑娘,一张脸涨成紫红”其中,turn译为“涨”,将当时女主人公痛苦的表情和男主人公散发出的殷切的关怀表现得淋漓尽致,实为画龙点睛之笔。
例5:
As she passed me she turned pale, and a nervous smile tightened about her lips. For my part, my heart beat violently in my breast; but I succeeded in giving a cold expression to mu face, as I bowed coldly to my former mistress, who just then reached her carriage, into which she got with her friend.
她从我身边走过,顿时面失血,嘴唇抽搐,神经质地微微一笑。至于我,我的心狂跳,震荡着胸膛,但我还是控制住自己,脸上露出一副冷冰冰的表情,冷淡地同我过去的打了个招呼。她几乎立刻回到马车前,同他的女友一起上了车。
Turn pale 译为“面失血”准确到位,言简意赅。本段人物外貌描写上增译了两处地方:嘴唇抽搐和震荡着胸膛。增译的“嘴唇抽搐”既合乎情理,又将当时女主人公的神情描写得入木三分,因此,该处的增译处理得很好。增译的“震荡着胸膛”,同样,按照当时的情景来看符合逻辑,并且,将男主人公的心理活动展现得生动到位。
通过这五例《茶花女》中英汉译文的人物外貌描写的对比与分析,可以基本总结如下:在外貌描写上英汉译文内容一致,没有明显增译或者省译,描写人物的顺序上也没有做出改变,基本服从直译的原则。但两个版本的译文还是存在差异,中文译文中,为了更加符合中文的习惯,用到了很多四字词语或成语。同时,存在很多拆分句子和段落的现象,当然这是根据意来定的。还可以看出中文习惯用动词,
并且不会重复使用。最后,也存在少量增译的现象,这要根据具体情况来定了。
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