蒋介石与 1928年中国的统一
保密级别：内部
学位级别：历史学硕士
论文提交日期：1999年12月10日
论文答辩日期：2000年1月4 日
论文中文题名：蒋介石与1928年中国的统一
大学生假期社会实践论文英文题名：Chiang Kai-shek and China's Unity of 1928
作者及所在单位：郑率吉林大学历史系日本签证怎么办
指导教师及所在单位：刘会军吉林大学历史系
分类标识：K258
关于秋天的作文中文主题标识：蒋介石统一帝国主义军阀主义
英文主题标识：Chiang Kai-shek  Unity  Imperialism  Militarism 中文文摘：
女生的游戏名字1928年统一结束了民国初年形成的南北分裂局面，是中国近代史上的一个重大事件。蒋介石作为统一过程中的关键人物，统一的成功和失败皆与其密切相关。本文通过对1928年统一过程中济南事件、东北易帜和军事善后的论述，对蒋介石与帝国主义和军阀主义的关系作以探讨。
一、蒋介石和济南事件
随着北伐的进展，到1928年初，中国南北两个政权处于决战的前夕。与国民政府相比，此时北洋政府在内政、外交上均处于劣势。在稳定南方政局后，蒋介石再次发动北伐，北军节节失利，北洋军阀的统治即将崩溃。
然而，在北伐进军的道路上，日本出兵干涉，制造了济南事件，企图阻止中国的统一。蒋介石以“忍辱负重”的姿态。绕道北伐，避开日军的阻挠，日军在山东阻止北伐军的计划破产。济南事件对
蒋介石的决策产生了重大影响。在外交方面，蒋介石开始靠拢美国，疏远日本；在内政方面，蒋介石暂时放弃了控制北方的计划，并将南北统一纳入和平轨道。
二、蒋介石与东北易帜
北伐时期，日本一方面企图阻止国民党统一中国，一方面向张作霖逼索满蒙特权。奉日矛盾逐渐激化，张作霖最后被日军暗杀。日本的侵略未能阻止中的统一，反而使南北双方逐渐接近。
占领京津后，蒋介石鉴于日本的侵略政策、国民党内的政治分歧和奉系的合作态度，继续推行和平统一的方针，力图以政治手段解决东北问题。他说服主战的北伐将领，停止了对奉系的军事行动，并和张学良达成了合作的默契。面对日本的干涉，蒋介石加强外交工作，支持东北当局抵抗日本的威吓。对于张学良推迟易帜的行动，蒋介石持谅解和同情的态度，并给张许多优惠条件，争取其服国民政府。在蒋张的密切配合下，1928年底东北易帜，中国实现了南北统一。
三、蒋介石和军事善后
北伐完成后，全国形成了几大地方军事实力集团，他们各据一方，拥兵自重，对蒋介石控制下的中央政府是一个潜在的威胁。同时，全国军队在北伐期间迅速膨胀，财政不堪巨额军费负担，严重阻碍国家建设和社会发展。因此，在军事善后工作中，蒋介石决意首先裁兵。
1928年7月，蒋介石在北平与各地方实力派首领会晤，共商裁兵大计。在汤山会议上，由于北伐后权力分配不均，北伐将领产生不满情绪，国民党已潜伏下分裂的危机。北平聚会后，蒋介石采纳了幕僚提出的“削藩策”，准备逐步将地方权力收归中央。在中央改
组时，蒋介石试图从政治、军事两方面削夺地方实力派的权力，招致了冯、阎、李等人的抵制，蒋未能实现自己的全部意图，其与各地方实力集团的矛盾加深。1928年初，编遣会议开幕，蒋介石在会议上继续极力削夺地方实力派的兵权，矛盾激化，会议无结果而散。3月，内战重新爆发，统一终告失
败。
四、蒋介石与帝国主义和军阀主义
帝国主义和军阀主义是民国时期中国政治结构中的组成部分，在1928年统一的过程中，蒋介石的决策和行动深受这两个因素的制约和影响。剑豪加点
蒋介石在二次北伐中消灭北洋政权，促成东北易帜，打击了军阀势力，为推进国家统一做出了努力。但是在避开日本对统一阻挠的同时，蒋介石又开始执行一条对日妥协退让的外交路线，使帝国主义势力得以继续染指国内事务。在军事善后的过程中，蒋介石借裁兵为名，削夺异已势力，使本已存在的国民党派系矛盾再次激化，酿成一场新的内战，统一局面得而复失。这昭示了国民党、蒋介石未能脱离北洋时代军阀主义的窠臼，中国也未能就此走上团结统一和健康发展的道路。
英文文摘：
The unity of 1928 ended the divided situation which appeared in the first years of the Republic, it is a great event in modern Chinese history. As a essential character of unifying, both the success and the failure of unity acted in close coordination with Chiang Kai-shek. This article inquires into the relations of Chiang Kai-shek with imperialism and militarism through the discuss of Jinan Incident, Northeast's Changing Banner and military aftermath in the unifying of 1928.
1.Chiang Kai-shek and Jinan Incident
With the achievements of the Northern Expedition, two regimes of southern and northern China were in the eve of decisive battle. At that time, in contrast with Nationalist Government, the Northern Government was in a n inferior position in both internal and foreign affairs. After the stablizing of the southern political situation, Chiang Kai-shek resumed the Northern Expedition, the Northern army suffered a series of setbacks, the rule of the Northern Warlords was on the edge of collapse.
However, on the road of the Northern Expedition, Japan sent troops intervening, stirred up Jinan Incident to hold back the unity of China. With the attitude of "enduring disgrace and bearing burden", Chiang made a detour to go on marching, avoided the obstruction of Japanese army, Japan's programme of obstructing the Northern Expeditionary Army in Shandong fell through. Jinan Incident effected Chiang's policy decision deeply. In foreign affairs, he was close to U.S. and became estranged to Japan; in internal affairs, he gave up the intention of controling northern China and put the unifying of the south and North into peace orbit.
2.Chiang Kai-shek and Northeast's Changing Banner
During the times of the Northern Expedition, Japan on the one hand wanted to prevent Kuomintang(
KMT) from unifying china , on the other hand pressed chang Tso-lin for the privilege in Manchuria and Mongolia .The contradictions between Fengtien faction and Japan gradually sharpened ,chang Tso-lin was assassinated by Japanese army finally. Japan's aggression didn't stop the unifying of china, but the south
and North sides got close gradually.
After occupying Beijing and Tianjin, for the aggressive policy of Japan, the political differences of KMT and the cooperative attitude of Fengtien faction, Chiang Kai-shek went on with the peaceful unifying strategy and tried his best to resolve the Northeastern disputes by political way. He persuaded the generals of the Northern Expeditionary Army, who advocated war, i n to stopping the military actions to Fengtien faction and reached tacit agreement with Chang Hsueh-liang. Facing the intervention of Japan, Chiang reinforced foreign actions, supported the Northeastern authorities to resist Japan's threat. As to Chang Hsueh-liang's action of delaying changing banner, Chiang held a attitude of forgiveness and sympathy, he gave Chang a lot of favorable terms, did his best to make Chang obey the Nationalist Government. For The Intimate Cooperation of Chiang and Chang,in the end of 1928, the Northeast changed banner, China realized  the unity of the south and North.
3.Chiang Kai-shek and the military aftermath
惠普打印机墨水
After the completing of the Northern Expedition, throughout the country developed several regional military strength groups, each of them occupied a part of the country with their own troops, it was a potential threat to the central government under the control of Chiang Kai-shek. At the same time, the personnel of troops expanded during the Northern Expedition, the finance couldn't shoulder heavy burden ,which effected national construction and  social development severely. For these reasons, Chiang decided to reduce armaments first in the actions of military aftermath.

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