阅读考题类型及相应的应答技巧
(一)细节题:
主要是考查学生对文章某些事实的细节和数据的掌握,这类问题的答案一般都能在原文中到。对于事实细节题,关键是要定位准确。应首先到它的考查点,这种题只要到细节题所在的地方,再联系上下文,然后根据它的命题规律答题即可。这类题的题干+答案在意义上通常等于原文中某一部分的内容,也就是说用不同的表达方式使题干+答案与原文等值(即同义结构,如:educational institution school; make strenuous efforts strive)。文中的时间、地点、人物、数量或事实多为提问的对象(即when, where, who, why, how, how many/much,..),而这些问题的表达常不采用文章中的原话提问,而是使用同义词语等,因此,在选择答案前应首先看准题干,看清问题所问究竟是什么细节内容;然后,在查读时注意寻与题目相关的关键词语;最后,在充分理解原文、原题的基础上确定答案。
(二)正误判断题
由于所提信息在文中比较清晰,可以一一到,所以,解决这类问题可采用带选题跳读的阅读
技巧,首先出问题或选项中出现的关键词语或主要检测点,然后略读文章,扫描这些词所在的句子,再详细读这些句子。必要时,连同它们前后的句子也要仔细阅读,以便综合考虑和确定答案。这样做可以有根据地排除多余的信息及干扰,快速抓住供解题用的信息点,提高解题速度和准确性。
A: According to the passage, which of the following is (NOT) true?
通过文章可以得出,下面哪项是(不)正确的?
B: According to the passage, which of the following statements is wrong?
通过文章可以得出,下面哪项是错误的表述?
(三)主旨题:
主要的目的是了解文章所论述的主题思想以及作者的写作意图。常见命题方式:
A: What is the general topic of the passage? 这篇文章的主题是什么?
B: The best title for this passage is ______. 这篇文章最佳的标题是
C: The main idea英语b级考试技巧 of this passage is______. 这篇文章的主要内容是
D: What is the passage about? 这篇文章是有关什么内容的?
E: What does this passage mainly discuss? 这篇文章主要讨论的是什么?
这类问题选择答案时切忌过于具体,不能选择概括全篇文章中某一段落的主题的、或是某个细节的选项;另外也不要选择过于笼统的答案,致使选项中包含的内容超越了文章的主题。最基本的方法是各个段落的主题句。主题句通常在一段的开头或者结尾部分。因此解答主旨题时,应该多关注一个段落的两头。当然,有时候主题句藏在一段的中间,甚至压根儿就没有主题句。
(四)推理题:
这类问题旨在测试考生的逻辑推理能力、语言分析能力和综合归纳能力。它要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断,包括考生对作者观点的理解,对某些句子修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。要注意切不可把原文中已明确陈述的事实作为答案, 要选“言中所无,意中所有”的答案。常见命题方式:
A: From the passage, it can be inferred that… 从文章可以推论出什么?
B: One could conclude from the passage that… 从文章可以得出什么结论?
C: This passage has probably been taken from … 文章很可能是从什么地方选出的?
(五)词义题
阅读理解的词义题并非是单纯地考查词汇量,而是考查学生在一定的上下文中辨认和推测词义的能力。常见命题方式:
A: The word ….(Line…, Para…) most probably refers to ______.
B: In this passage, … probably means ______.
C: The word “…” could best be replaced by which of the following?
解题方法:(1)直接定义。作者用了生词,然后马上就用一些简单的单词来解释它。这种重述就是直接定义,常见标志有连词or,而且多用逗号与生词隔开,“refer to”, “mean”等;
(2)同义暗示法。作者用了一个生词的时候,一般会在下文用一个同义词来暗示这个单词的意思;(3)反义对比法。作者通过介绍一个生词的反义词来告诉我们这个生词的意思。因此,表示转折的联接词but, unlike, while, however, on the contrary就成了这类题目的标志词;(4)事例证明法。诸如for example, such as之类的词组。
(六) 观点态度题:
一般来说,说明文体裁客观,所以作者的态度应是客观的(objective)或中立的(neutral);而在议论文中,作者的观点往往是有所表达的,考生应细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词或短语。常见的提问方式有:
A: How does the author feel about…? 作者认为……怎么样?
B: What’s the author’s attitude towards…? 作者对……是什么看法或态度?
C: Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards…?
下面哪项最能描述作者对……的态度?
D: The tone of the author is ______. 作者的语气或态度是什么?
常出现的有关态度的词:optimistic(乐观的), pessimistic(悲观的), cautious(审慎的), enthusiastic(热情的), objective(客观的), subjective(主观的), arbitrary(武断的), neutral(中立的), positive(肯定的), critical(批评的), compromising(折衷的), indifferent漠不关心的), ironic(讽刺的), appreciative(欣赏的)等等。
三、例题讲解
(一)各种题型具体解题思路与分析
1.细节题
例1(选自《大学英语》(B) Test 1, Passage 1, P. 141)
The French Revolution broke out in 1789. At the time France was in a crisis. The government was badly run and people’s lives were miserable. King Louis XIV tried to control the national parliament and raise more taxes. But his effort failed. He ordered his troops to Versailles. The people thought that Louis intended to put down the Revolution by force. On July 14, 1789, they stormed and took the Bastille, where political prisoners were kept. Ever since that day, July 14 has been the French National Day. Louis tried to flee the country in 1792 to get support from Austria and Prussia. However, he was caught and put in prison. In September 1792, the monarchy was abolished. In the same year, Louis was executed. A few months later his wife, Marie also had her head cut off. The Revolution of France had frightened the other kings of Europe. Armies from Austria and Prussia began to march against France. The French raised republican armies to defend the nation. The Revolution went through a period of terror. Thousands of people lost their lives. In the end, power passed to Napoleon Bonaparte.
12. Which did not happen in 1789?
A. The French Revolution broke out.
B. The national economy was developing rapidly.
C. The government wasn’t well run.
D. King Louis XIV was in power.
【题解】此题为细节题。根据题干 “not happen in 1789”可以得知此题是对1789年所发生事情的考查判断,因此就需要回到原文寻有关1789年所发生的事情的相关信息,文章中没有涉及到的选项就是此题的正确答案。选项A在文章的第一句话就提到了;选项B表示的是“国家经济迅速发展”,而浏览全文,无法在文章中到与此相关的信息;选项C与原文中的第三句话“The government was badly run…”相对应;选项D中的“in power”表示当权,在朝的意思,在原文的第四句话“King Louis XIV tried to control the national parliament…”就已经表明这层含义,因此正确答案为B选项。
13. Where were the political prisoners kept?
A. In Versailles. B. In Austria. C. In Prussia. D. In Bastille.
【题解】此题为细节题。题干用的是特殊疑问词“where”来提问,询问地点。结合题干,回到原文寻与题干对应的地方。在原文的第八句话“On July 14,1789, they stormed and took the Bastille, where political prisoners were kept.”中就提到了题干所要考查的地点,也就是原句中where引导的定语从句所修饰的词语Bastille,因此正确答案为D选项。
版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198,我们将在24小时内删除。
发表评论