2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解5:F字部
2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解
专题五F字部
1.fact
n.事实，实际
关联词组：in fact事实上，实际上；as a matter of fact确切地讲，事实上
用法：The fact is(that)+从句，表示“事实是……”；fact后面还可以接that引导的同位语从句，表示fact 的具体内容，例如：
Don’t forget the fact that they are only children.别忘了他们只是孩子的事实。
同义词：truth=reality n.事实，真相
（2019，北京卷，阅读D）Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities.
2.fail
v.失败；不及格
○1表示“失败，没有成功”，常用句式有fail in sth.或者fail to do sth.
○2表示“未做某事，未履行某事”，也可用于fail to do sth.句式
○3表示“不及格，未通过（考试，测验）”，可以接宾语，也可不接：fail the test考试不及格
词性转换：failure n.失败；（机器）故障；未做
反义词：succeed v.成功；pass v.通过（测试）
（2019，浙江卷，完形）
This time it became so profound.Then and there I___20___to find myself back.That was exactly-what I did. 20.A.failed    B.forgot    C.decided    D.continued
3.fair
adj.公平的，合理的
关联词组：to be fair公平地说；fair enough有道理，说得对；fair play/competition公平竞争，公平比赛
熟词僻义：fair还可以当名词（n.）使用，表示：
游乐场：Let’s take the kids to the fair.咱们带孩子们到游乐场吧。
交易会，展览会：world’s fair世界博览会；international fair国际博览会；job fair招聘会
词性转换：fairly adv.公正地；相当地；fairness n.公正性，公平合理性
同义词：just adj.公平的
反义词：unfair adj.不公平的
（2019，北京卷，阅读D）This doesn’t just happen in China,but it’s fair to say the Chinese people show more love to their country.
4.famous
adj.著名的，出名的
关联词组：be famous for因……而闻名
词性转换：fame n.名声，名誉
同义词：well-known adj.著名的，有名气的
反义词：infamous adj.臭名昭著的
（2019，浙江卷，阅读D）
38.Which of the following statements is TRUE about the passage?
A.The writer lives a busy life in Mentone.
B.Millet was finally made a famous artist.
C.Millet painted best among the four friends.
D.The story was written in memory of Millet.
5.far
adj.远的，较远的；adv.远地；很，非常
词形变化：比较级farther/further，最高级the farthest/the furthest
关联词组：so far到目前为止；as far as I know据我所知
○1far作形容词时，表示距离远的，通常用于be far from结构，但不与具体的数字连用。例如：
误：The station is two kilometers far(away)from here.
正：The station is two kilometers away from here.
○2far更多用作副词，尤其是修饰形容词或副词的比较级，或与too连用，表示程度，译为“……得多，远远……，大大……；太……”：
He is far more careful than me.他比我仔细得多。
He was at the station far too early.他去车站去得太早。
反义词：near adj.附近的
（2019，北京卷，短文阅读）The farther in they went,he thought,the harder the ice would become.
6.farm
n.农场，农庄；v.种田，务农
关联词组：on a farm在农场（不用in）；a pig/cattle/chicken farm养猪/牛/鸡场；farm land农业用地
词性转换：farmer n.农民；farming n.农业；耕作
（2019，山东卷，阅读B）Because working with horses has helped Rowan,Rupert set up The Horse Boy Foundation on his farm in Texas.
7.favourite
adj.最喜爱的；n.最受喜爱的人或物
美式拼写：favorite
○1作形容词时，favorite前面要加形容词性物主代词或者名词所有格：his favorite movie；Jim’s favorite sport；○2favorite可以换成like…best结构：My favorite subject is science=I like science best.
○3作名词时，favorite后面不再跟名词：Sunday is my favorite.
词性转换：favor v.更喜欢，偏袒；n.恩惠；支持；favorable adj.赞成的，有利的
（2019，江苏卷，完形）
When I'm asked to name my favourite place to eat in Suzhou,I will reply___13___.
13.A.right away    B.in surprise    C.at most    D.over there
8.feed
v.喂养，饲养；养活
词形变化：过去式fed，过去分词fed
关联词组：feed on sth.以……为食；feed sb.up（用大量食物）养肥，养壮；feed sb.sth.= sb.给某人喂……吃；be fed up with厌烦了……，厌倦了……
（2019，山东卷，阅读C）As we all know,China has the largest population all over the world.It was difficult to feed the largest population in the past.
9.field
n.田地，场地；实地，现场；领域
关联词组：corn/rice/wheat field棉花/水稻/小麦田；football/baseball field足球/棒球场；track and field田径（赛）filed study/research实地研究
用法：可以作为“量词”，用于a field of…结构，表示“一片……田”。
熟词僻义：field的引申意义表示“领域”、“界”，相当于area，常用结构为in the field of…在……领域，在……界：She is famous in the field of music.她在音乐界很出名。
（2019，浙江卷，阅读C）The antenna of FAST in Guizhou,China,the latest and largest radio telescope in the world,is500metres in diameter,as large as the size of30football fields.
10.fight
v.&n..打架，打仗；争论；竞争，争取
词形变化：过去式fought，过去分词fought
动词词组：fight for为……而战（奋斗）；fight against反对，对抗，与……作斗争；fight with与……并肩战斗；与……打架；fight back回击；fight on继续战斗；fight off击退
名词词组：be in/get into a fight(with sb.)(over/about sth.)（因某事）（同某人）打起来了；a street/gang fight 街头/帮派打斗
近义词：war n.战争，斗争
（2019，浙江卷，阅读C）The year was1859.America and England had already fought two wars.Now,they were at peace.But one day a pig got hungry.And it nearly caused another war between the two countries.
11.final
adj.最后的，终极的，决定性的；n.决赛；期末考试
形容词词组：final decision最后决定；final product最终产品，最后产物；final exam期末考试；final result 最终结果；final report总结报告；final round最终角逐
名词词组：the World Cup final世界杯总决赛；be through to/reach the final打进决赛
词性转换：finally=at last=in the end adv.最后，终于
（2019，浙江卷，完形）
I even took art class though I had really wanted to take theatre.I finally fitted in___11___group.
    B.her    C.his    D.our
12.finish
v.结束，做完
用法：
○1finish可以作及物动词，后面接名词作宾语；还可以接V-ing形式，不能接to do sth.：
I haven’t finished reading this book yet.我还没有读完这本书。
○2finish也可作不及物动词，后面不接宾语：
What time does school finish?学校什么时候放学？
同义词：complete v.完成；end v.结束，终止
（2019，北京卷，单项填空）
4.—Lily,_____you finish the letter in ten minutes?
—Yes,I can.
A.must
B.should
D.can
13.fit
adj.合适的；健康的；v.（使）适合
词形变化：比较级fitter，最高级fittest；过去式fitted或fit，过去分词fitted或fit，现在分词fitting
形容词用法：
○1和系动词连用，表示“适合，恰当”等，后面常接介词for：
He isn’t fit for his work.他不适合做这项工作。
○2和feel或keep等连用，表示身体健康，精神状态好：
She tries to keep fit by jogging every day.她每天慢跑以保持健康。
动词用法：fit即可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，表示“（使）适合”；可以和介词in/into连用，表示“适应，融入”：
This coat doesn’t fit well.这件大衣不太合身。
This coat doesn’t fit me.这件大衣我穿不合身。
She could never fit into his world.她永远也无法融入他的世界。
词性转换：fitness n.健康：fitness center健身中心
同义词：suit v.适合，满足；suitable adj.合适的；healthy adj.健康的
反义词：unfit adj.不适合的
（2019，浙江卷，完形）
I listened to the music she listened to,wore the clothes she wore.I even took art class though I had really wanted to take theatre.I finally fitted in___11___group.
    B.her    C.his    D.our
14.fly
v.飞，飞行；放（风筝、模型）；n.飞行；苍蝇
词形变化：过去式flew，过去分词flown
词组：fly a kite放风筝；fly in the sky在空中飞行；fly by飞越；飞逝
用法：fly既是及物动词，又是不及物动词，可表示“（动物）飞翔”、“（人或飞机）飞行”、“放飞（风筝、模型、气球等）”；作引申意义时，可表示“（时间）飞逝”，例如：How time flies!时间过得真快！
熟词僻义：fly作名词时，除了表示“飞行”，还可指“苍蝇”。
词性转换：flight n.飞行，航班：flight number航班号
（2019，江苏卷，单项填空）
5.The flying squirrel might be one of__________animals you could meet during the trip.
A.strange
B.stranger
C.strangest
D.the strangest
15.follow
v.跟随，跟得上；效仿
关联词组：follow up跟踪，继续做某事；follow through坚持到底；as follows如下；follow the example of效仿；follow the instructions遵照指示；follow suit照做
词性转换：following adj.&n.
○1作形容词：意思是“（时间上）接着的”；“下述的，下列的”。例如
the following week第二周；answer the following questions回答下列问题
○2作名词：常用于the following结构，表示“下述，以下”。例如：
The following is a summary of the meeting.以下是会议总结。
（2019，浙江卷，完形）
Another girl added,"Ashley,she___14___follows you,trying to copy you."
14  A.once    B.always    C.hardly    D.never
16.force
v.强迫，迫使；n.力量，武力
关联词组：by force靠武力，强迫；driving force驱动力
动词用法：常用结构有 do sth.迫使某人做某事，等同于force sb.into sth./into doing sth.：
The President was forced into resigning.总统被迫辞职。
The President was forced to resign.总统被迫辞职。
词性转换：forceful adj.强有力的
forget同义词：strength n.力量，力气
（2019，北京卷，短文阅读）The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour.
17.foreign
adj.外国的，外来的；陌生的
关联词组：foreign language外语；foreign trade对外贸易；foreign company外国公司；foreign country外国用法：be foreign to sb.表示“对……不熟”
词性转换：foreigner n.外国人
（2019，湖北卷，完形）
When he40to call the four foreign passengers,Zhang Peng directly went to the hotel again where he had dropped them off.
40.A.succeeded    B.forgot    C.regretted    D.failed
18.forget
v.忘记，忘掉

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