国际象棋英文规则
International Chess Rules
Chess is a strategic board game played between two players on an 8x8 square board, with each player starting with 16 pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. The objective of the game is to checkmate the opponent's king, meaning the king is in a position to be captured and there is no way to prevent it.
Setup:
The board is placed with a light and dark square in the right-hand corner of each player. The pieces are set up as follows:
- The rooks are placed on the corners.
国际象棋游戏规则 - The knights are placed next to the rooks.
- The bishops are placed next to the knights.
- The queen is placed on the same color as her pawn, which is placed in the second row from the player.
- The king is placed on the remaining square of the row with the queen.
- The pawns are placed on the second row, in front of the other pieces.
Movement:
- King: Moves one square in any direction.
- Queen: Moves any number of squares along a rank, file, or diagonal.
- Rook: Moves any number of squares along a rank or file.
- Bishop: Moves any number of squares diagonally.
- Knight: Moves to any of the squares immediately adjacent to it and then makes one further step at a right angle.
- Pawn: Moves forward one square, but captures diagonally one square. Pawns have an additional move from their starting position called the double step, where they can move two squares forward if unobstructed.
Special Rules:
- Castling: The king and one of the rooks can move two squares towards each other, with the king moving to the square next to the rook, and the rook moving to the square the king crossed.
- En Passant: When a pawn moves two squares from its starting position, and an opponent's pawn could have captured it had it only moved one square forward, the opponent has the option to capture "en passant" as if the pawn had only moved one square.
- Promotion: If a pawn reaches the opponent's back rank, it can be promoted to any piece (except a king) of the player's choosing.
Check and Checkmate:
- Check: The king is under attack and in danger of being captured.
- Checkmate: The king is in check and there is no legal move to escape capture.
End of Game:
The game ends when:
- A checkmate occurs.
- A player resigns, acknowledging defeat.
- A draw is declared, which can happen in several ways including stalemate, agreement between players, threefold repetition of a position, or the fifty-move rule where no pawn moves or captures have been made in fifty moves.
Etiquette:
- It is customary to shake hands before and after the game.
- Players should not touch pieces unless they intend to move them.
- Once a move is made, it is considered final unless it's an illegal move, in which case the player can correct it.
Scoring:
The standard point values for pieces are:
- Pawn: 1 point
- Knight or Bishop: 3 points
- Rook: 5 points
- Queen: 9 points
- King: The king cannot be captured, but the game is won by checkmating the opponent's king.
Understanding these rules is essential for playing a game of chess. Mastery, however, comes with practice and strategic thinking.
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