1吉⼘赛⼈是什么⼈_法国为什么要驱逐他们
_ClaireSuddath
Nov.20
10
时事经纬·要闻
It 's like something out of a bad Cher song.French President Nicolas Sarkozy 's conservative government continued its planned deportation of 700Roma —otherwise known as Gypsies —on Aug.26by sending two additional airplanes full of them back to Romania.Police have been dismantling Roma camps and offering 300euros ($382)to anyone willing to leave voluntarily.French polls show that the nation is divided by the expulsion tactics,while both human rights groups and religious leaders,including Pope Benedict XVI,have *spoken out 1against the move.But who are these Gypsies?And why does everyone seem to hate them?
The term Gypsy is *short for 2Egyptian,although ethnically,Gypsies actually originally came from India.They left their hom
eland sometime during the 11th century,probably as a result of Muslim invasions,and have never returned.By the 14th century,they 'd entered Eastern Europe,whose residents somehow got the impression that they came from Egypt (hence the nickname).Although they rarely show up on official censuses,today 's Gypsy population is estimated to be between 2million and 5million.Most of them live in Slavic -speaking countries such as the Czech Republic,Bulgaria and Romania.Yet despite centuries of Gypsy presence,Europe has never accepted this oft 3nomadic 4ethnic group and has enacted systematic purges 5of varying severity since they first arrived on the continent.Evidence of discrimination can be found just by looking at our language:when we cheat someone out of money,we “gyp ”them.Gypsy moths 6are parasitic 7,and gypsy cabs 荩就像雪⼉某⾸糟糕的歌⾥唱的。8⽉26⽇，法国总统尼古拉·萨科奇领导的保守派政府继续按计划驱逐700名罗姆⼈———亦称吉⼘赛⼈，⼜派出两架飞机满载着罗姆⼈返回罗马尼亚。警⽅在继续拆除罗姆⼈的营地，并发给每个⾃愿离开的⼈300欧元（382美元）。法国民意调查显⽰，这个国家对驱逐罗姆⼈的作法存在分歧。⼈权组织和包括教皇本笃⼗六世在内的宗教领袖都直⾔不讳地反对这⼀举动。但这些吉⼘赛⼈是什么⼈？为什么⼤家似乎都恨他们？
吉⼘赛⼈是埃及⼈的简称，尽管从种族上说吉⼘赛⼈最初其实来⾃印度。11世纪的某个时候，他们或许因为穆斯林⼊侵离开家乡，就再没有回去。
到14世纪，他们进⼊东欧，那⾥的居民不知为什么得到⼀种印象，以为他们来⾃埃及（所以有了吉⼘赛⼈这个绰号）。虽然吉⼘赛⼈极少出现在官⽅⼈⼝普查中，但估计他们如今有200万⾄500万⼈。他们⼤多⽣活在讲斯拉夫语的国家，⽐
如捷克共和国、保加利亚和罗马尼亚。尽管吉⼘赛⼈存在了数百年，欧洲却从未接受过这个常常游荡的民族，⽽且⾃吉⼘赛⼈最初到达欧洲⼤陆开始就对他们实施严厉程度不等的系统性清除。只需要看看我们的语⾔就可以发现歧视吉⼘赛⼈的证据：骗别⼈的钱就是“吉⼘”他们。“吉⼘赛蛾”（即舞毒蛾）是寄⽣⾍，“吉⼘赛出租车”指⽆照经营的出租车。尽管很多罗姆⼈仍然使⽤这个俚语———英国的吉⼘赛委员会是所谓的旅⾏荩
Who Are Gypsies,and Why Is France Deporting Them?
吉⼘赛⼈是什么⼈？法国为什么要驱逐他们？
By Claire Suddath
导读：⾬果巨著《巴黎圣母院》中的卖艺⼥郎艾斯梅拉达曾是我们⼼中法国吉⼘赛⼥郎的定格形象。⼋九⽉份，当法国驱逐吉⼘赛⼈成为新闻热点时，我们不禁发出了如本⽂标题的疑问。源于1789年法国⼤⾰命的“⾃由、平等、博爱”的⼝号，亦为法国⽴国之本，⼤规模遣返吉⼘赛⼈，⽆疑是有违其价值观的⼴受诟病之举。如果法国所为有为2012年法国总统⼤选盘算的政治动机，那么下⽂中“吉⼘赛⼈与欧盟”所反映的欧洲其他国家存在的相应问题⼜作何解？世上永⽆绝对的平等，要在世界民族之林中⾼昂起头颅，⽆论哪个族都当⾃强
。
8
2010．
11
operate illegally.And though many Roma still use the slang term—Britain's Gypsy Council is a self-organized association of so-called travelers—others regard gypsy as an insult despite its wide use and prefer Roma,or sometimes Romani. Because Gypsies bounced around from country to country, they found it difficult to build permanent settlements or find jobs. So they traveled in caravans8and made livings as entertainers and seasonal workers and by selling merchandise9from faraway lands. Some of them told fortunes.Gypsies are also very good dancers; they developed the flamenco10.Over the years,the itinerant11 lifestyle came to be part of the Gypsy culture,and though it is easy to
romanticize(camaraderie12!freedom!hoop earrings!),the true Gypsy experience is one of poverty,distrust and the ever nagging13 feeling of not belonging.Their continued persecution fostered a strong us.-vs.-them men-
tality,and they have strict
laws against marrying
“gadje”(nongypsies).
European laws against
Gypsies can be traced back
to the early1400s,when
cities such as Lucerne in
Switzerland and Freiburg in
Germany began system-
atically removing them.Gy-
psies have endured almost
every form of discrimi-
nation.During World War
II,Nazis murdered roughly
400,000Gypsies alongside Jews,homosexuals and other minorities. Some were*rounded up14and shot in their own villages,while others were shipped off to concentration camps.
While relations between France and its Roma population have always been tense—last year,10,000Roma were
shipped“home”to Romania and Bulgaria,according to the French government—this recent crackdown comes*on the heels
of15a July16scuffle16in which22-year-old Luigi Duquenet,a Gypsy,was shot by police荩者⾃⼰组织的机构——
—其他⼈却认为，即使吉⼘赛⼈⼀词被⼴为使⽤，可仍是⼀种侮辱性的称呼，⽽更愿使⽤罗姆⼈，有时也称罗姆尼⼈。
因为吉⼘赛⼈从⼀个国家游荡到另⼀个国家，他们发现很难建起永久居住地或到⼯作。所以他们乘⼤篷车旅⾏，靠当艺⼈、打短⼯、销售偏远异域的商品为⽣。有些⼈算命。吉⼘赛⼈很会跳舞，弗拉曼柯舞就是他们发明的。多年来，这种游荡的⽣活⽅式成为吉⼘赛⽂化的⼀部分，尽管很容易被浪漫化（同志情谊！⾃由！环形⼤⽿环！）吉⼘赛⼈遭受的其实是贫穷、不
信任和⽆所归属的⽆尽烦
恼。持续被迫害使他们形成
⼀种强烈的“我们对他们”
的思维⽅式，他们有严格的
法律，禁⽌与“加杰⼈”（外
族）通婚。
欧洲迫害吉⼘赛⼈的
法律可以追溯到15世纪
初。当时，像瑞⼠卢塞恩和
德国弗赖堡等城市都开始
有计划、有步骤地清除他
们。吉⼘赛⼈忍受了⼏乎各
种形式的歧视。⼆战时，纳
粹在杀戮犹太⼈、同性恋和
其他少数族裔的同时还杀害了⼤约40万吉⼘赛⼈。他们有些在⾃⼰的村⼦⾥被集中射杀，有些则被送到集中营。
法国和本国罗姆⼈的关系⼀直紧张。法国政府称，去年，有1万罗姆⼈被送回罗马尼亚和保加利亚“⽼家”。最近对罗姆⼈的镇压是紧跟在7⽉16⽇那场混战后开始的。当时，22岁的荩
时事经纬·要闻
1.speak out⼤胆地说；充分⽽坦率地发表意见
2.short for简略的；缩写的
3.oft［鬑ft］ad.〈古〉〈诗〉=often经常地（现多⽤以构成复合词）
5.purge［p⼶蘼d⼶］n.清洗；清除；肃清；涤清
7.parasitic［摭p覸r藜蘖s覦t覦k］a.寄⽣的；寄⽣⽣物（似）的
8.caravan［蘖k覸r藜v覸n］n.（供居住⽤的）有篷马车，⼤篷车
nity arrive with their
luggages at the Roissy
Charles de Gaulle airport,
outside Paris,on August
26,2010,prior to taking
a flight to the Romanian
capital,Bucharest,as
French government said
283Roma would be de-
ported today to Romania
from Paris and Lyon
airports.
10.flamenco［fl藜蘖me耷k藜尬］n.弗拉曼柯舞（西班⽛吉⼘赛
⼈的⼀种民族舞蹈，其动作特点是快速旋转和拍⼿顿⾜）11.itinerant［覦蘖t覦n藜r藿nt］a.巡回的；流动的；（尤指为⼯作）
四处奔波的
12.camaraderie［摭k覸m藜蘖r藁蘼d藜r覦］n.同志情谊；友情
13.nagging［蘖n覸g覦耷］a.纠缠不休的；难以摆脱的
< the heels of紧跟在…后⾯
16.scuffle［蘖sk蘧fl］n.扭打，
混战
9
Nov.20
10
Don 't lie to Viviane Reding.That 's the lesson of this
week 's revelation 1that,contrary to French government
assurances that “specific ethnic groups had not been targeted in
France,”an Interior Ministry circular 2had in fact ordered
evacuation of camps of “Roma,as a matter of priority.”
Visibly enraged,the European Union 's commissioner for
justice,fundamental rights and citizenship pronounced herself
“personally convinced that the commission will have no choice
but to initiate infringement 3action against France.”
The commission 's *wake -up call 4to racism in France is
welcome.But will outrage lead to *legal action 5?And what
about the wave of anti -Roma measures in other E.U.states 荩
By James A.Goldston
Roma and the E.U.
不要对维维亚娜·雷丁说谎话。这就是本周被曝光的秘闻给⼈们的教训：与法国政府所保证的“法国没有针对具体的种”截然相反，事实上内政部的⼀份通知却下令“当务之急”是清除“罗姆⼈”营地。这位负责司法、⼈权和公民事务的欧盟委员显然很愤怒，宣布“本⼈确信，欧盟委员会别⽆选择，只能启动针对法国的侵权诉讼”。欧盟委员会对法国种族主义的警告来得正好。但是，愤慨会导致法律诉讼吗？其他欧盟国家反罗姆⼈举措的态势⼜当如何？到荩吉⼘赛⼈与欧盟
时事经纬·要闻
荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩
after he drove through a roadblock and allegedly hit an
officer.Duquenet 's death sparked a small riot in the town of
Saint -Aignan,which in turn prompted a government
spokesman to call Gypsies “sources of illegal trafficking,of
others是什么profoundly shocking living standards,of exploitation of
children for begging,of prostitution and crime.”On July 28,
Sarkozy announced that Roma encampments would be
dismantled and their inhabitants “systematically evacuated.”Aside from drawing allegations of racism and bigotry 17
,
Sarkozy 's actions *border on 18the illegal:most of France 's
Gypsies arrived by way of Romania or Bulgaria,both of
which are now members of the European Union.E.U.citizens
are allowed to move freely through other untries,
although French law limits their stay to three months unless
they find employment.And while it 's true that most Gypsies
are in the country unlawfully,France can 't prove that it 's
expelling the right people unless it checks the paperwork of
every single person it deports.The Aug.26exodus 19brings
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