阅兵是几年一次的TED
题⽬：What is depression?
作者：Helen M.Farrell
抑郁是世界上最温柔的病
Depression is the leading cause of disability in the world. In the United States, close to 10% of adults struggle with depression.
But because it's a mental illness, it can be a lot harder to understand than, say, high cholesterol. One major source of confusion is the difference between having depression and just feeling depressed.
抑郁症是造成全球残疾类疾病的主要原因。在美国，⼤约有10%的成年⼈被抑郁症所困扰。但是作为⼀种精神疾病，抑郁症⽐类似⾼胆固醇等概念更难被理解。其中最容易被混淆的概念在于，区分患有抑郁症与只是简单的情绪低落。
Almost everyone feels down from time to time. Getting a bad grade, losing a job, having an argument, even a rainy day can bring on feelings of sadness. Sometimes there's no trigger at all. It just pops up out of the blue. Then circumstances change, and those sad feelings disappear.
⼏乎所有⼈都有情绪低落的时候，考试失利、被炒鱿鱼、与⼈发⽣争执，甚⾄只是⾬天都有可能导致⼼情低落。有时可能根本就是没来由的消沉，伤感就那么不经意地来袭了。但是渐渐地峰回路转，悲伤的感觉总会慢慢淡去。
Clinical depression is different. It's a medical disorder, and it won't go away just because you want it to. It lingers for at least two consecutive weeks, and significantly interferes with one's ability to work, play, or love.
但是临床上所讲的抑郁症却是另⼀码事。抑郁症是⼀种医学上的情绪障碍，它⽆法靠意志来改变，它会持续⾄少两周的时间。并且会严重影响患者的⼯作状态、⾏为能⼒、以及情感⽣活。cholesterol n.胆固醇out of the blue
突然地，意外地circumstance n.条件，情况，环境
linger
v.继续存留，缓慢消失
consecutive adj.连续的
山东高中
Depression can have a lot of different symptoms: a low mood, loss of interest in things you'd normally enjoy, changes in appetite, feeling worthless or excessively guilty, sleeping either too much or too little, poor concentration, restlessness or slowness, loss of energy, or recurrent thoughts of suicide. If you have at least five of those symptoms, according to psychiatric guidelines, you qualify for a diagnosis of depression.
抑郁症有多种不同的症状，情绪低落，对平时的爱好失去以往的兴趣，
⾷欲的改变，⾃卑或者极度的负罪感，嗜睡或者失眠，⽆法集中注意⼒，焦躁或迟钝，浑⾝乏⼒，或者反复的轻⽣念头。如果你符合以上所
述的五项症状，从精神学的⾓度讲，便可以被判定为患有抑郁症。
And it's not just behavioral symptoms. Depression has physical manifestations inside the brain. First of all, there are changes that could be seen with the naked eye and X-ray vision. These include smaller frontal lobes and hippocampal volumes.
不⽌是⾏为上的这些症状，抑郁症还会导致⼀些脑部的临床表现。⾸先，有些变化可以通过⾁眼，以及X光检测观察到。其中包括检测出较⼩的额叶以及海马体(⼤脑的组成部分) 。
On a more microscale, depression is associated with a few things: the abnormal transmission or depletion of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, blunted circadian rhythms, or specific changes in the REM and slow-wave parts of your sleep cycle, and hormone abnormalities, such as high cortisol and deregulation of thyroid hormones.
从更微观的⾓度讲，抑郁症与以下⼏点有关: 以⾎清素, 去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺为主的。某些神经传导物质的异常传递与消耗，⽣物钟节奏混乱，或是睡眠状况的明显变化，以及荷尔蒙紊乱。例如⽪质醇(⼀种类激素)偏⾼以及甲状腺激素异常。symptom
n.症状diagnosis
n.诊断manifestation n.显示，表明neurotransmitter
n.神经递质serotonin
n.⾎清素norepinephrine n.去甲肾上腺素dopamine
电脑开机显示屏显示无信号黑屏怎么办n.多巴胺circadian rhythm 昼夜节律
But neuroscientists still don't have a complete picture of what causes depression. It seems to have to do with a complex interaction between genes and environment, but we don't have a
diagnostic tool that can accurately predict where or when it will show up. And because depression symptoms are intangible, it's hard to know who might look fine but is actually struggling.
但是神经系统科学家始终未能完美诠释，导致抑郁症的原因，这可能和基因与环境的相互作⽤有关。但⽬前我们还没有有效的⽅法来准确判断这种作⽤具体的发⽣机制。并且由于抑郁症的病症发⽣于⽆形，我们便很难发现那些正饱受抑郁症困扰的⼈。
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, it takes the average person suffering with a mental illness over ten years to ask for help. But there are very effective treatments. Medications and therapy complement each other to boost brain chemicals. In extreme cases, electroconvulsive therapy, which is like a controlled seizure in the patient's brain, is also very helpful. Other promising treatments, like transcranial magnetic stimulation, are being investigated, too.
根据美国⼼理健康研究中⼼数据表⽰，平均每⼀位患有精神疾病的患者，需要花⾄少10年去寻求帮助。但其实⽬前有很多有效的⽅法来帮助抑郁症患者。药物配合⼼理可以促进脑内化学物质的产⽣，在⼀些特殊的病例中，甚⾄电休克疗法，即⼀种像是控制病患⼤脑进⾏休克的⽅法，也有⼀定疗效。另外⼀些很有潜⼒的⽅法，⽐如经颅磁刺激（⼀种⽪层刺激⽅法），也正在被⼴泛研究。
So, if you know someone struggling with depression, encourage them, gently, to seek out some of these options. You might even offer to help with specific tasks, like looking up therapists in the area, or making a list of questions to ask a doctor.
因此，如果你认识某位正饱受抑郁症折磨的⼈，请⿎励他们从以上的⽅法中寻求帮助。你甚⾄可以进⾏更为具体的帮助，⽐如寻求⼀些此领域中的专业师，又或者是帮忙列⼀个问题清单去请教医⽣。intangible adj.⽆形的seizure
n.控制，占领
To someone with depression, these first steps can seem insurmountable. If they feel guilty or ashamed, point out that depression is a medical condition, just like asthma or diabetes. It's not a weakness or a personality trait, and they shouldn't expect themselves to just get over it anymore than they could will themselves to get over a broken arm.
对于那些患有抑郁症的⼈来说，迈出这第⼀步尤为艰难。如果他们有负罪感或羞耻感，请向他们指出抑郁症是⼀种医学疾病，就像哮喘或
糖尿病⼀样常见。告诉他们抑郁症并不能成为他们的弱点或代表他们的⼈格，⽽且他们不能只靠⾃⼰硬撑来克服这个疾病，这并不像伤筋
动⾻⼀样可以⾃愈。
徐良是不良少年吗If you haven't experienced depression yourself, avoid comparing it to times you've felt down. Comparing what they're experiencing to normal, temporary feelings of sadness can make them feel guilty for struggling. Even just talking about depression openly can help.教师节祝语简短
如果你未曾受到抑郁症的困扰，请不要将他们的痛苦与你平⽇⾥的情绪低落进⾏⽐较。将他们所承受的困扰与常见的悲伤情绪相提并论，
会使他们为⾃⼰的病情感到⾃责。哪怕只是单纯⽽诚恳地谈谈抑郁症
都会对他们有所帮助。
For example, research shows that asking someone about suicidal thoughts actually reduces their suicide risk. Open conversations about mental illness help erode stigma and make it easier for people to ask for help. And the more patients seek treatment, the more scientists will learn about depression, and the better the treatments will get.
例如，研究显⽰询问⼀些⼈关于⾃杀的看法，实际上可以降低他们⾃
杀的⼏率。开诚布公地谈谈精神疾病有利于淡化患者的⾃卑意识，并且让他们更有勇⽓去寻求帮助。⽽越多的患者来积极寻求，对于
抑郁症的研究才能有所突破从⽽使他们得到更有效的。insurmountable adj.⽆法克服的erode
v.消弱；损害stigma
潮汕小吃n.耻辱
版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。
发表评论