专题10 名词和冠词
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.
A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B. advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。
2. （2021·全国乙卷）
……
Provide 68 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 69 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】68. financial 69.activities
【解析】68.被考查词位于名词aid之前，故判断考点为形容词。
69.被考查项为名词，位于主语的位置，且谓语动词range为复数形式，故考点为名词变复数。
鼓造句3. (2021·新高考I卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Ro ad”. What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
【答案】57. humans
其实你还爱着我【解析】57 .考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
…….
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in mine .While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
【答案】65.a
【解析】65.考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
4. (2021·浙江卷)Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ （marry）ceremony in 1842.
【答案】38. marriage
【解析】38.考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此
处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
5.（2021年全国甲卷）
We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
【答案】
48. the
49. watchtowers
【解析】
【48题】考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
【49题】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
【2020年】
1.（2020·新课标I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has
a lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so than the familiar near side.
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
今年考研是几月几号2.（2020·新课标I卷）Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。
3.（2020·新课标II卷）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
4.（2020·新课标II卷）Luckily，I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
【答案】将vacations改为vacation
【解析】考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。
5.（2020·新课标III卷）Filled with 64．(curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.
【答案】curiosity
【解析】考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
6. （2020·江苏卷）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A. reservation
B. transformation
C. distinction
D. submission
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；
B. transformation改革，变革；
C. distinction区别；
D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems 可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
7.（2020·山东卷）Historical 44．(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
【答案】accuracy
【解析】考查名词。句意：历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical
之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy 。
8.（2020·浙江卷）Later ，they learned to work with the 62． (season)，planting at the right time and ，in dry areas ， 63（making ） (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
【答案】seasons
月钢宽剑【解析】考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons 。
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority
B. potential
C. proportion
D. pension 【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority 优
先；优先权；B. potential 潜在的，可能的；C. proportion 比例，占比；D. pension 退休金，抚恤金。故选A 。
2.【2019·天津卷】
We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.
A. statement
B. impact
C. impression
D. judgment 【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B 。
3.【2019·新课标I 卷】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations ，three are declining ，six are (be) stable ，one is increasing ，and nine lack enough data.
【答案】the
愚公移山文言文翻译【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种中”，故填the 。
4【2019·新课标I 卷】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.
【答案】 Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but and
almost hit me. 【解析】考查冠词。名词football 为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football 第一次出现，故在football 前加a ；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but 改为and 。
5.【2019·浙江卷】Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the 连用修饰名词。故填the。
【2018年】
1.【2018·天津】The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice
B. order
C. possibility
D. invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。
2. 【2018·新课标卷I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
【答案】causes
洞庭碧螺春产地哪里
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
3. 【2018·新课标卷I】During my last winter holiday，I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
【答案】countryside前加the考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。
【解析】countryside前加the考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。
4. 【2018·新课标卷II】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。
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