2020年上海市徐汇区高考英语二模试卷
II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.
1.
Discovering a Lost Brother
Kieron Graham always knew he had an elder brother named Vincent． His adoption papers，（1）________ （sign） when he was three months old， listed a brother named Vincent but no last name． Though Kieron spent years thinking about Vincent， he could never track
him down．
That changed in December 2017， when Kieron's adoptive parents gave him an DNA test as
a Christmas gift． When his results came back， he was surprised （2）________ （find） he had a l
ot of DNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test． Most were distant connections， but one match was so strong that it （3）________ （label） "close family．" His name was Vincent Ghant． Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection．
When they connected， it was （4）________ they had known each other their whole lives． As they talked， the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other．（5）________（surprisingly）， they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects．
Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and remembers caring for his baby brother． But times were tough， and Shawn， who worked 15﹣plus hours a day as a nurse， decided that （6）________（place） Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed．"She was very emotional about that time， to the point （7）________ it was hard for her to
put into words anything about what happened，" Vincent says．
关于六一儿童节的手抄报Now the brothers had the chance to make up for lost time． They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week． One of Vincent's concerns was that Kieron （8）________ hate his birth family for placing him for adoption． He was relieved Kieron didn't， and （9）________ he'd grown up in a lo
ving family． After that first meeting， the brothers played football together and celebrated Christmas with their families． "We'll keep growing our relationship （10）
________ it's time to leave this planet，" says Vincent． That shouldn't be hard． As Kieron says， "We've got years and years to catch up on．"
Section BDirections： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
2. A． motive B． deliberately C． convinced D． injurious E． alerts F． desperately
G． swept H． accounts I． unconscious J． preserving K． charging机动警察漫画
Why Humpback Whales （座头鲸） Protect Other Species from Killer Whales
Robert Pitman， a marine ecologist， describes an encounter he witnessed in Antarctica in 2009． A group of killer whales were attacking a Weddell seal． The seal swam （1）_______ toward a pair of humpbacks that had inserted themselves into the action． One of the
humpbacks rolled over on its back， and the seal was（2）_______onto its chest， between the wh
ale's massive flippers （鳍）． "That incident（3）_______ me，" he says． "Those humpbacks were doing something we couldn't explain．"
Pitman started asking other researchers and whale watchers to send him similar（4）
_______． Soon he was reading through observations of 115 encounters between humpbacks and killer whales， recorded over 62 years． "There are some pretty astonishing videos of humpbacks（5）_______killer whales，" he says．
In a 2016 article in Marine Mammal Science， a famous scientific journal， Pitman and his
co﹣authors describe this behaviour and confirm that such acts of do﹣gooding are widespread． But knowing that something is happening and understanding why it's happening are two different things． Pitman and his co﹣authors openly reflected on the meaning of these encounters． "Why，" they wrote， "would humpbacks（6）_______ interfere with attacking killer whales， spending time and energy on a potentially（7）
_______ activity，especially when the killer whales…were attacking other species of prey？" Interestingly， humpbacks don't just hit on killer﹣whale attacks． They race toward them like firefig
hters into burning buildings． And like those rescue workers， humpbacks don't know who is in danger until they get there． That's because the sound that （8）_______them to an attack isn't the sad voice of the victim． It's the excited calls of the killerzhishujie
whales． Pitman believes humpbacks have one simple instruction： "When you hear killer whales attacking， go break it up．"
歌曲想说爱你不容易I wonder what humpback whales care deeply enough about to actively swim into battle with killer whales． When I ask Pitman， he tells me that， it still comes down to selfishly（9）
_______their own kind． He believes that their occasional rescues of humpback calves（后代）create a strong enough（10）_______ for them to rush in to help， even if it means they end
up saving sunfish， sea lions， dolphins every now and then．
III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
3. The true purpose of a business, Peter Drucker said, is to create and keep customers． "Custo
mer value" has several definitions． I use the（1）_______to mean the total lifetime value of a company's customer base． Companies can increase this value by（2）_______more customers, earning more business from existing ones, keeping them
longer, making their experience simpler through digital improvements and so on．（3）
_______ leaders have long understood the importance of concentrating on customer value rather than pursuing short﹣term profits or quarterly earnings, and they've become enduring customer loyalty leaders in the process． It's worth noting that a number of loyalty ﹣leading companies are able to（4）_______shareholder pressure, or avoid it
古罗马帝国历史altogether, because they are founder﹣led, customer﹣owned, or not publicly traded．
Companies can（5）_______ customer value in a variety of ways: To increase （6）
_______, enterprise software companies sometimes charge corporate customers change fees that can raise the total cost of ownership to as much as three times the original price． To reduce operating costs, restaurant chains sometimes（7）_______frozen and precooked
ingredients in place of fresh and made﹣to﹣order food． The resulting profits may look good on the
income statement． Such strategies may even lead to short﹣term earnings growth． But they also（8）_______ potential customers and encourage disloyalty．
Given the importance of customer value, leaders should track it as much as they track other key assets （资产）, such as buildings, machinery, and marketable securities． They also should reveal it in their quarterly and annual earnings releases so that investors can make（9）_______ judgments about company performance and how it compares with that of industry peers． But most companies（10）_______ believe that measuring customer value is too difficult or costly． They continue to rely on a centuries﹣old accounting tradition that emphasizes physical and financial assets, and neither income statements nor balance sheets offer much（11）_______into the value of a company's customers．
As investors wake up to the importance of customer value, however, many growth﹣stage companies now direct investors' attention to（12）_______in growing the value of their customer base． Some public companies increasingly report various types of customer value metrics （指标）． One of the UK's top energy suppliers E．ON, （13）_______, reports year
﹣over﹣year customer counts in its financial report． "As a customer﹣focused company, " E．ON noted, "we see customer value as crucial to our success．"
This is a start, but because there are no customer﹣value reporting standards or requirements, investors still have a（n）（14）_______ picture． The minority of companies that do provide customer value information decide for themselves what to disclose．（15）
_______, firms may calculate customer metrics differently or change them to tell a desired story, or simply stop reporting them if they fail to go with the company's preferred narrative．
（1）
A item
B version
C term
D definition
（2）
A persuading
B consulting
C acquiring
D inspecting
（3）
A Considerate
B Visionary
C Determined
D Powerful
（4）
A resist
B relieve
C intensify
D maintain
（5）
A raise
B adopt
C calculate
D destroy
（6）
A income
B experience
C productivity
D demand
（7）
A separate
B substitute
C forbid
D combine
（8）
A appeal to
B rely on
C put down
D scare off
（9）
A informed
B subjective
C definitive
D independent
（10）
A fully
B hardly
C readily
D wrongly
（11）
A suspicion
B extension
C literacy
D visibility
（12）
A sacrifice
B success
C prejudice
D expense
（13）
A as a result
B for example
C on the contrary
D in general
（14）
A incomplete
B depressing
C convincing
D vivid
（15）
A Instead
B Further
C Otherwise
D Therefore
Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
4. Aristotle thought the face was a window onto a person's mind． Cicero agreed． Two thousand years passed, and facial expressions are still commonly thought to be a universally valid way to judge other people's feelings, irrespective of age, sex and culture． A raised eyebrow suggests confusion． A smile indicates happiness．黄奕的电影
Or do they? An analysis of hundreds of research papers that examined the relationship between facial expressions and underlying emotions has uncovered a surprising conclusion: there is no good scientific evidence to suggest that there are such things as recognizable facial expressions for basic emotions which are universal across cultures． Just because a person is not smiling, the researchers found, does not mean that person is unhappy．
This may raise questions about the efforts of information﹣technology companies to develop artificial﹣intelligence algorithms （算法） which can recognize facial expressions and work out a person's underlying emotional state． Microsoft, for example, claims its "Emotion API" is able to detect what people are feeling by examining video footage of them． Another of the study's authors, however, expressed scepticism． Aleix Martinez, a
computer engineer at Ohio State University, said that companies attempting to obtain emotions from images of faces have failed to understand the importance of context．
For a start, facial expression is but one of a number of non﹣verbal ways, such as body posture, that people use to communicate with each other． Machine recognition of emotion needs to take account of these as well． But context can reach further than that． Dr Martinez mentioned an experiment in which participants were shown a close﹣up picture of a man's face, which was bright red with his mouth open in a scream． Based on this
alone, most participants said the man was extremely angry． Then the whole picture was shown． It was a football player with his arms outstretched, celebrating a goal． His angry
﹣looking face was, in fact, a show of pure joy．
Given that people cannot guess each other's emotional states most of the time, Dr Martinez sees no reason computers would be able to． "There are companies right now claiming to be able to do that and apply this to places I find really scary and dangerous, for example, in hiring people, " he says． "Some companies require you to present a video resume, which is analyzed by a machine﹣learning system． And depending on your facial expressions, they hire you or not, which I find really shocking．"
（1）We can learn from the second paragraph that________．
A facial expressions are universal across cultures
B it is hard to recognize some facial expressions
C emotions and facial expressions may not be related
D common facial expressions convey similar meanings．
（2）In the passage， the word "scepticism" （paragraph 3）is closest in meaning to
"________"．
A similar interest
B fierce anger
C strong support
D great doubt．
（3）The experiment mentioned by Dr Martinez may prove that________．
A facial expression is an important way to communicate
B machine recognition of emotion is not reliable at all
C facial expression is not the only way to detect
feelings D people may misread facial expressions for lack of context．
（4）What does this passage mainly tell us？________
A Facial expressions are among the most universal forms of body
language． B Computers can detect people's mind by analyzing their facial expressions． C Facial expressions may not be the reliable reflection of a person's emotions． D Companies can depend on machine recognition of emotion to hire people．5.
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