►专题19 概要写作之说明文+高考题型组合练
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2023年法定节假日及调休【考情链接】
概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时西双版纳旅游攻略必去景点考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。上海高考概要写作一般以说明文为主、议论文次之，，记叙文少有涉及。近年来实验研究报告类说明文是考查热点。
【要点梳理】
感恩节寄语要点一：说明文概要写作技巧
说明文（Exposition）写作抓住关键句：文章第一段和各段第一句。说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可以分为以下几类：
现象揭示类：The article points out the common phenomenon—(主题)，which…(补充解释)
利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B. A…while B…
The passage discusses the impact of sth.公证书有效期
On the positive side,…, but it may also…
研究显示类：The study reveals that…; The purpose of the report is to show that…
要点二：说明文概要写作模板
说明文：phenomenon / problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introductio
n of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant)
要点三： 说明文概要写作的步骤
1. Skim the text to find out the general theme. 快读原文，明确主题
2. Analyze the text’s structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence) 划分各段，出要点
3. Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without minor details. 抓重点，去枝节
4. Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.归纳整理，转述大意
5. Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.复读核对，检查错误
_____新手如何购买基金
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. (2017普陀一模)
怎样保护地球Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”
The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.①
The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low sal
ary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”②
It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people don’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past.③ Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”④
The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity cam
paign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.⑤
做题步骤：
Step 1：细读全文，明确主题。
本文主要是描述教师是英国最不受欢迎的工作。
Step 2：划分要点。
本文分5个要点，已在文中标出。提出主题——两点原因——两点建议。②和③要点可以合并。
Step 3：标主题句或关键词。
已在文中用横线标出每段主题句。
Step 4：概括。
As is reported, secondary schools in UK experienced difficulties recruiting young teachers. The reasons are low salary and kid’s bad behaviors. Therefore, poorly behaved students need to obey stricter rules and parents need to discipline them at home. Also, government should increase teachers’ income and promote a teaching campaign to display teaching’s bright side.(55words).
Summary2
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Planted forests are far from universally popular. In Ireland, the criticisms focus on the sitka spruce, a fast-growing, damp-tolerant tree from America's Pacific Northwest. Spruce plantations are said to contain no life. They are accused of wrecking rural communities and driving farmers off the land. And they are said to be out of place in mostly pastoral (田园风光的) setting. Gerry McGovern, another farmer in County Leitrim, puts it bluntly conifer forests are "not landscape".
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