第四节 数词
【考点透视】
数词是高职英语考试的非重点考项，单独考查数词的可能性较小，但它常与其它语法项目一并考查。如：名词，比较级等。特别注意基数词和名词构成的复合形容词的运用。
【高考真题】
1. —How far is the nearest railway station, please?
—Oh, very far. It’s about _______ drive from here. (GMET2003)
A. two hours’ B. two hours C. two hour’s D. two - hour
选A.时间, 距离等构成名词所有格用 ’s 形式, 而且以s结尾的复数名词后加 “ ’ ”.
2. The teacher asked the students to write ______ book report. (GMET2004)
A. a five-hundred-words B. a five hundreds-word
C. a five –hundred-word D. a five-hundreds-words
选C.有连字符连接的复合词作定语均用单数形式.
【复习要点】
表示数量多少或顺序的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数量多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
一.基数词
最基本的基数词：
0-12 | 13-19 | 宋林静照片20-90 | 百,千,百万,十亿 |
zero | thirteen | twenty | hundred |
one | fourteen | thirty | thousand |
two | fifteen | forty | million |
three | sixteen | fifty | billion |
four | seventeen | sixty | |
five | eighteen | seventy | |
six | nineteen | eighty | |
seven | ninety | ||
eight | |||
nine | |||
ten | |||
eleven | |||
twelve | |||
1.0~12 无规律 zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
2.13~19 以teen为结尾 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
3.20~90 以ty结尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
4.21~99 十位与个位之间要加连字符 “-” twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine
5.101~999 百位与十位之间通常用three hundred and twenty-five
6.千以上 6275—six thousand two hundred and seventy-five；1200—twelve hundred
二.序数词
最基本的序数词
第1至第12 | 第13至第19 | 第20至第90 |
1st first | 13th thirteenth | 20th twentieth |
2nd second | 14th fourteen | 21st twenty-first |
3rd third | 15th fifteenth | 22nd twenty-second |
4th fourth | 16th sixteenth | 23rd twenty-third |
5th fifth | 17th seventeenth | 24th twenty-fourth |
6th sixth | 18th eighteenth | 30th thirtieth |
7th seventh | 19th nineteenth | 40th fortieth |
8th eighth | 50th fiftieth | |
9th ninth | 60th sixtieth | |
10th tenth | 70th seventieth | |
11th eleventh | 80th eightieth | |
12th twelfth | 90th ninetieth | |
1. 注意first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth川剧变脸的原理的拼写形式以及th的发音 [θ]．
2. 第纪晓芙20至90是将基数词词尾y改为i再加-eth,读[ iiθ].
工程承包合同书范本3. hundred, thousand, million的序数词是在词尾加-th,即hundredth, thousandth, millionth.
4. 几十几及以上的序数词,只是个位数变为序数词,其余用基数词.如:第46 forty-sxth.
5. 序数词与定冠词the连用表示顺序. 序数词与不定冠词a连用表示“又…”.
如: Yang Liwei is the first Chinese to fly in to the sky.杨利伟是中华飞天第一人.
I have failed but I want to have a second try.我失败了但我想再试一次.
三. 分数、小数、百分数、倍数表达法
1．分数表达法
分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母用复数。
如：1/3 one-third 3/5 three fifths
注意：1/2, 1/4, 3/4可分别表示为：a ( one )half，a(one) quarter, three-quarters.
2．百分数表达法
百分数由基数词加percent或per cent构成。
如：8%读作eight percent 98%读作ninety-eight percent
违章停车怎么交>手机拨号上网百分数或分数限定名词时要与of短语连用。
如：one third of the people thirty percent of the people
3．小数表达法
小数点读作point。
如：0.6 : zero point five 16.89: sixteen point eight nine
4．倍数表达法
两倍用twice, 三倍及以上用基数词加times表示, three times, four times…
常用的倍数表达句型
1) …times +as 形容词as…
This bridge is three times as long as that one.这座桥是那座桥的三倍。
I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。
2) …times+比较级+than…
Our classroom is three times bigger than theirs.我们的教室比他们的大三倍。
3) ...times the size (height, length, weight) of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。
4) ... times that of…（此句型常用于粮食产量、生产指标方面的比较）
The rice output is three times that of last year.今年的水稻产量是去年的两倍。
5) ... by+…times增加多少倍
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
今年粮食产量增加了4倍。
四. 数词的应用
1.表示时间
1) 表示世纪、年代
表 “世纪”：the+序数词+century 二十一世纪: the twenty-first century
表"年代"： in +the +数词复数. in the 1960s/1960’s在二十世纪六十年代
2) 表示年、月、日
年份：1965读作ninety sixty-five 2007读作two thousand and seven
月份：月份为专有名词
一月January ( Jan.) 二月February ( Feb. ) March ( Mar. )
四月April ( Apr. ) 五月May 六月June
七月July 八月August ( Aug. ) 九月September ( Sept. )
十月October ( Oct. ) 十一月 November ( Nov.) 十二月 December ( Dec.)
日期：1949年10月1日写作: October 1(st), 1949 读作: October the first, nineteen forty-nine或 the first of October ninety forty-nine.
3) 表示时刻
表示 “几点钟”用基数词。Its six o ’clock. I go to school at seven.
②表示“几点过几分”用past.(分钟数≤30)。如:8:15 fifteen( a quarter) past eight.
表示“几点差几分”用to.(分钟数<30).如: 8:46 fourteen to nine
简化读法 8:15 读作eight fifteen 8:46读作eight forty-six
2.表示年龄
1) He is eighteen (years old).他十八岁。
2) at the age of eighteen.在十八岁的时候。
3) in one’s thirties在某人三十几岁的时候
4) a ten-year-old child一个十岁的孩子
3. 表示编号
1) 名词+基数词=序数词+名词
Unit Two = the Second Unit第二单元
Grade One=the First Grade一年级
2) 用No.+基数词No.读作number
Bus No. 12= the No. 12 Bus 十二路公交车
the No. 106 Middle School 106中学
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