2008 Text 3
In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. ①If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. ②The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.
在20世纪60年代早期，Wilt Chamberlain是美国国家篮球协会中仅有的身高超过7英尺的三个人之一。可是如果他参加了上个赛季的话，他就变成了42分之一了。这些年来在较大的职业体育运动中的运动员的身体状况发生了很大的改变，而他们的经理人也更愿意调整队员的运动服来适应队员们更大，更高的身材。
association [ə'səusi'eiʃən] n. 联系,联想;交际,交往;协会,社团
【例】Let's form an association to help blind people. 让我们建立一个协会来帮助盲人吧。
dramatically [drə'mætikli] ad. 从戏剧角度;戏剧性地,显著地
【例】I kept emphasizing how dramatically things have changed.
我反复强调事情发生了多大的变化。
adjust [ə'dʒʌst] vt. 调整,使适应于,校准 vi. 调整,适应于,校准
【例】This electric pot can adjust the temperature automatically.
新年开工祝福语这种电饭锅能自动调节温度。
1. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42.
【译文】可是如果他参加了上个赛季的话，他就变成了42分之一了。
【解析】这句话是句虚拟语气，if + had done，后面接上would have done，这句话是过去时的虚拟语气，中间的however是插入语。
2. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbyyers of bigger, longer frames.人力资源专业
【译文】两狗谈天这些年来在较大的职业体育运动中的运动员的身体状况发生了很大的改变，而他们的经理人也更愿意调整队员的运动服来适应队员们更大，更高的身材。
文
【解析】这句话是个并列句，由and连接。前半句的主语是The bodies，playing major professional sport是对主语的补充，have changed是谓语，dramatically over the years是状语。后半句中，managers是主语，have been是谓语。
The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. ③Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.
虽然体育界的这种趋势可能蒙蔽了一个没有被承认的现实：美国人基本上停止生长了。虽然现在人们比140年前高了2英寸，特别是那些出生在已移民美国很多代的那些人，但是明显的，在二十世纪60年代早期，已经到达了他们的身高的极限。他们已经不可能再长得更高了。“在这个基因和环境的条件下，现在整体的人们已经长到我们能够达到的范围了，”Wright州大学的人类学家William Cameron Chumlea说道。拿NBA球员来说，他们身高的增加主要由于从世界各地招募到了球员。
obscure [əb'skjuə] a. 微暗的,难解的,含糊的,晦涩的,偏僻的,不著名的 vt. 使阴暗,隐藏,使含糊
【例】The drafting of this section of the Bill is obscure.
草案上的这一项含糊不清。
apparently [ə'pærəntli] ad. 表面上,似乎,显然地
【例】Apparently he wanted to be close to those common people.
他显然想接近那些平民。
genetic [dʒi'neitik] a. 遗传的,遗传学的
【例】An enzyme that catalyzes genetic recombination.
催化重级酶能催化基因重组的一种酶。
anthropologist [ænθrə'pɔlədʒist] n. 人类学家
【例】The anthropologist contrasted two cultures in his lecture.
这位人类学家在讲座中将两种文化进行对比。
recruit [ri'kru:t] n. 新兵,新分子蔚蓝的王国,新会员,补给品 vt. 使恢复,补充,征募vi. 征募新兵,复原
【例】We recruit all our restaurant staff locally .
我们从本地招所有的餐厅职员。
3. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people –especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – appar
ently reached their limit in the early 1960s.
【译文】虽然现在人们比140年前高了2英寸，特别是那些出生在已移民美国很多代的那些人，但是明显的，在二十世纪60年代早期，已经到达了他们的身高的极限。
【解析】这句话主语是today’s people，Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago是状语，especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations是对主语的补充，reached their limit是谓语，in the early 1960s是时间状语。
④Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height – 5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women – hasn’t really changed since 1960.
身高的增长一般在20岁以后就停止了，而发育是需要能量和营养的，其中的蛋白质用来供给组织的生长。在20世纪初，营养不良和儿童疾病妨碍了整体的发育。但是当饮食和健康的促进，儿童和青少年平均每20年都增长了大概1.5英寸，这就是长高的趋势。根据疾病防治中心，从1960年开始，人们的平均身高，男性5英尺9英寸，女性5英尺4英寸，就没有怎么改变了。
tissue ['tiʃu] n. 薄的纱织品,薄纸,棉纸,组织,连篇
【例】祝福彩信The process of dissolution and resorption of bony tissue. 骨组织吸收骨组织分解和吸收的过程。
adolescent [ædəu'lesnt] a. 青春期的,青年的n. 青少年
【例】昔人已乘黄鹤去an awkward bad-mannered adolescent boy. 笨拙的没礼貌的青少年。
secular ['sekjulə] n. 牧师,俗人a. 世俗的,现世的,不朽的,长期的
【例】The choir sings both sacred and secular music. 唱诗班既唱圣乐也唱世俗歌曲。
4. Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients– notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues.
【译文】身高的增长一般在20岁以后就停止了，而发育是需要能量和营养的，其中的蛋白质用来供给组织的生长。
【解析】这句话中Growth是主语，which rarely continues beyond the age of 20是定语从句，demands是谓语，calories and nutrients是宾语。notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues是对宾语的补足。
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