Computer programming
Computer programming
  Computer programming (often shortened to programming or coding) is the process of designing. writing, and debugging the source code of computer programs. This source code is written in a programming language. The purpose of programming is to create a program that exhibits a certain desired behavior.  The process of writing source code often requires  expertise in many different subjects. including knowledge of the application domain, specialized algorithms and formal logic.
计算机编程(通常缩短编程或编码)设计的过程。编写和调试计算机程序的源代码。这个源代码是用编程语言编写的。编程的目的是创建一个程序,展示一定的预期行为。编写源代码的过程通常需要专业知识在很多不同的科目。包括应用程序域的知识,专门的算法和形式逻辑。
  Within software engineering. programming (the implementation) is regarded as one phase in a software development process. Whatever the approach to software development maybe, the final program must satisfy some fundamental properties.  The following properties are among the most relevant:
在软件工程。编程(实现)被认为是软件开发过程中的一个阶段。无论软件开发方法也许,最后程序必须满足一些基本性质。以下属性是最相关的:
• Efficiency/performance: the amount of system resources a program consumes (processor time. memory space. slow devices such as disks. network bandwidth and to some extent even user interaction): the less. the better. This also includes correct disposal of some resources, such as cleaning up temporary files and lack of memory leaks.
•效率/性能:程序消耗的系统资源(处理器时间。内存空间。缓慢的设备(如磁盘。网络带宽和在某种程度上甚至用户交互):书中自有黄金屋书中自有颜如玉的意思是什么。越好。这也包括一些资源的正确处理,如清理临时文件和内存泄漏的缺乏。
• Reliability: how often the results of a program are correct. This depends on conceptual correctness of algorithms. and minimization of programming mistakes. such as mistakes in resource management (e. g., buffer overflows and race conditions) and logic errors (such as division by zero or off-by-one errors).
可靠性:多长时间程序的结果是正确的。这取决于概念算法的正确性。和最小化的编程错误。在资源管理(e . g等错误。、缓冲区溢出和竞争条件)和逻辑错误(如“当兵报名从一开始”除零个或错误)。
• Robustness: how well a program anticipates problems not due to programmer error. This includes situations such as incorrect. inappropriate or corrupt data. unavailability of needed resources such as memory. operating system services and network connections, and user error.
•鲁棒性:程序如何预测问题不是由于程序员的错误。这包括情况如不正确的。不恰当的或腐败的数据。不可用所需的资源,桑叶泡水喝有什么功效和作用如内存。操作系统服务和网络连接和用户错误。
• usability: the ergonomics of a program: the ease with which a person can use the program for its intended purpose. or in some cases even unanticipated purposes. Such issues can make or break its success even regardless of other issues. This involves a wide range of textual, graphical and sometimes hardware elements that improve the clarity, intuitiveness, cohesiveness and completeness of a program's
user interface.
•可用性:程序的人体工程学的一个人可以使用程序的目的。甚至在某些情况下意外的目的。这类问题可以使或打破它的成功甚至不管其他问题。这涉及到广泛的文本、图形和有时硬件元素,提高清晰度,直觉,凝聚力和完整性的程序的用户界面。
portability: the range of computer hardware and operating system platforms on which the source code of a program can be compiled interpreted and run. this depends on  differences in the programming facilities provided by the different platforms, including hardware and operating system resources. expected behavior of the hardware and operating system. and availability of platform specific compilers {and sometimes libraries) for the language of the source code.
可移植性:计算机硬件和操作系统平台的范围,程序可以被编译的源代码解释和运行。这取决于不同的编程设施所提供的不同的平台,包括硬件和操作系统资源。硬件和操作系统的预期行为。和可用性的特定于平台的编译器{有时库)的语言源代码。
Maintainability: the ease with which a program can be modified by its present or future developers in order to make improvements or customizations. fix bugs and security holes. or adapt it to new environments. Good practices during initial development make the difference in this regard. This quality may not be directly apparent to the end user but  it can significantly affect the  au of a program over the long term.
可维护性:一杯奶茶怎么发朋友圈可以修改的程序由其现在或将来的开发人员为了改进或定制。修复bug和安全漏洞。或者它适应新的环境。在初始开发最佳实践在这方面的差异。这个质量可能没有直接明显的给最终用户过生日送什么礼物,但可以显著影响非盟的长期计划。
In computer programming. readability of the source code refers to the ease with which I human reader can comprehend the purpose. control flow. and operation of source code. It affects the aspects of quality above. including portability. usability and most importantly maintainability. Readability is important because programmers spend the majority of their time reading. trying to understand and m
odifying existing source code. rather than writing new source code. Unreadable code often leads to bugs. inefficiencies. and duplicated code. A study found that a few simple readability transformations made code shorter and dra51ically reduced
the time to understand it.
在计算机编程。源代码的可读性是指的我人类读者可以理解的目的。控制流。和操作的源代码。它会影响上述方面的质量。包括可移植性。可用性和最重要的可维护性。可读性很重要,因为程序员把大多数时间花在阅读上。试着理解和修改现有的源代码。而不是编写新的源代码。不可读的代码通常会导致错误。低效率。和重复代码。一项研究发现,忧伤一些简单的转换使代码可读性较短和dra51ically减少
时间去理解它。

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