大栅栏
大栅栏:(dàshílànr)是北京市前门外一条著名的商业街。现也泛指大栅栏街及廊房头条、粮食店街、煤市街在内的一个地片。大栅栏地处古老北京中心地段,是南中轴线的一个重要组成部分,位于天安门广场以南,前门大街西侧,从东口至西口全长275米。自1420(明朝永乐十八年)以来,经过500多年的沿革,逐渐发展成为店铺林立的商业街了。在大栅栏分布着11个行业的36家商店。
复原民国初期风貌,大栅栏已有500多年的历史,曾经就是一个繁华的商业区。兴起于元代,建立于明朝,从清代开始繁盛至今。1900义和团曾一把火将整条街付之一炬,重建后依旧繁华。据中国社会科学院考古研究所专家徐萍芳介绍,此次复原以民国初期风貌为基础。大栅栏的由来,要追溯到明代孝宗弘治元年。当时,北京有"宵禁",为了防止盗贼隐藏在大街小巷之内,由朝廷批准,在北京很多街巷道口,建立了木栅栏。
历史起源
大栅栏街原称廊房四条,距今已有近500年的历史。大栅栏夜景栅栏处在古老北京中心地段,是南中轴线的一个重要组成部分,历史上就是一个繁华的商业区。
据清代《钦定令典事例》中记载,雍正七年批准的外城栅栏440座,乾隆十八年批准的内城栅栏1919座,皇城内栏196鞍山中考成绩查询座。大栅栏原是廊房四条,因为这条胡同的栅栏制作出,保留长久,而且又大一些,而逐渐为京城所瞩目,所以,大栅栏就成为这条胡同的名称了。老北京有句顺口溜"看玩意上天桥,买东西到大栅栏。""头顶马聚元,脚踩内联升,身穿八大祥,腰缠四大恒"说的都是早年间大栅栏的地位和繁华景象。
大栅栏的设置在明代就有了,明孝宗弘治元年(1488)就下令在北京城内大街曲巷设立栅栏,并派士兵把守,以防盗贼。到了清代,这里已成为主要的商业中心,因为买卖多,为了能够有效地防止盗贼,栅栏建得比其他地方都大,也都好看,所以才叫"大栅栏"
明张竹坡《京师五城坊巷胡同集》中并未收载"大栅栏"这个地名,在前门外路西只有廊房头条、廊房二条、廊房三条和廊房四条,其中的廊房四条就位于大栅栏的位置,可见在明朝还没有栅栏这个地名。而所谓的"廊房"指的就是用于临街经营的店面房,由此可见,在明朝虽然没有大栅栏这个地名,但大栅栏所在的位置就已经是一处商贾云集的繁华商业区了。明弘治元年,为治理京师社会治安,在北京各条街巷门口,设置了木质栅栏,栅栏由所在地点居民出资修建,从此以后直到清朝末年在北京的街道上共修建了一千七百多座栅
iphone激活栏。其中廊房四条的栅栏由商贾出资,格外的大,因而被称为大栅栏,久而久之大栅栏就取代廊坊四条成为这条街道的正式名称。光绪二十五年大栅栏发生火灾,木质栅栏被烧毁,从此以后大栅栏只存其名,直到2000年北京市政府又在大栅栏街口修建了铁艺栅栏,真正的栅栏才又回到大栅栏。
发展现状
大栅栏位于天安门广场以南,前门大街西侧,从东口至西口全长275米。自明朝永乐十八年(1420)以来,经过500多年的沿革,逐渐发展成为店铺林立的商业街了。在这条街上,分布着11个行业的36家商店,平均客流量15-16万人,节假日20多万人。国内提起北京前门大栅栏几乎无人不晓,就是在国际上也很有名气,可以说是闻名遐迩。在历史上,虽有沉浮,但这条古老的商业街之所以能经受580多年的历史风雨而不败,自有它独特的地方。
如今,除了喧嚣一切都已改变,大栅栏在清除了封建糟粕后,出现的是一片商业街的景象,除了旧址老房的北京丝绸商店、瑞蚨祥绸布店、内联升鞋店、六必居酱菜店、荣宝斋文房四宝还徐徐透出百年的光泽之外,同仁堂、张一元茶庄、长春今昔对比堂、月盛斋熟
肉店都已经门庭更新了;诸多外来的风味饮食也各据一方,形成了新型的饮食文化特。但由于北京整体商业环境的提升,零售业的重心早已不在前门地区,大栅栏的商业地位也日趋衰落,大栅栏的商户,除了部分老字号,大多品质较低,商品质量和商品价格都很低,而且在街面上不乏进行、的不法之徒。
大栅栏成了商业中心以后,一些著名的老字号相继开设于此。明代即有已开业的六必居酱园;清代康熙年间开业的著名国药店同仁堂;嘉庆年间开业的马聚元帽店、内联升鞋店,以及后来拥有四个门面的八大祥之一--瑞蚨祥绸缎皮货庄等。
吃喝有长盛魁干果店、张一元文记茶庄、厚德福饭庄、全聚德等;娱乐则有庆乐园、三庆园、广德楼等。这里还有民国初年开业的北京第一家电影院--大观楼电影院。中国首部电影《定军山》就是在这里上映的。大栅栏街区至今保存着明末清初的"三纵九横"的格局,"三纵"指的是煤市街、珠宝市街以及粮食店街;"九横"指的是大栅栏的九条东西向的胡同
商号
作为一个有着数百年历史的老商业街,在大栅栏有不少国内外闻名的老字号,如经营中药的同仁堂,经营布匹绸缎的瑞蚨祥,经营帽子的马聚元,经营布鞋的内联升,经营茶叶的张一元,经营酱菜的六必居,此外还有一品斋、步瀛斋、聚顺和、长乘魁等都是拥有百年历史的老字号。曾经在京城流传顺口溜"头顶马聚源,脚踩内联升,身穿八大祥,腰缠四大恒"以此作为有身份有地位的象征,其中提到的马聚源、内联升、八大祥王新军的婚史、四大恒计算机休眠都是大栅栏的商户银号。
除了商号,大栅栏还曾经是京城的一处娱乐中心,历史上曾经有过五个大戏楼:庆乐园、三庆园、广德楼、广和园、同乐园;北京历史上最早的一座电影院大观楼也是坐落在大栅栏的。
老字号
8家老字号占营业面积1/4,其重点老字号店铺有同仁堂张一元内联升瑞蚨祥步瀛斋、大观楼、狗不理、张小泉8家,占整条街店铺总数的14.38家老字号企业营业面积占整条街总营业面积的27.7%,年销售额(营业收入)约占整条街总营业收入的75%
打黑除恶
为了奥运会在北京的召开,大栅栏众商家挖空心思开发出了各种特商品和奥运。内联升为顾客定制一双鞋通常需要两周到1个月时间,奥运会期间,内联升将采取加急等措施,让游客能够穿着"量脚定制"的鞋满意而归。同时,内联升还专门为奥运开发了"福履"套装,将富含中国文化的竹简、如意形状鞋拔、锦袋等传统物品与手工布鞋一起纳入其中,让布鞋也变得文化味道十足。在奥运会期间,游客来瑞蚨祥定制成衣,一般的定制服装都可以保证在24小时内成衣。而张一元专门设计了带有京剧脸谱、剪纸、中国建筑等图案的5种茶叶包装礼盒,准备在奥运会期间吸引游客。肖战最新消息
宣武区政府新闻发言人王永新介绍,作为规划中的4条地铁线路的交汇处,大栅栏地区周边市政设施发达,交通十分便利。流动商贩禁入大栅栏,以往,不少游客和市民对大栅栏街两侧的小商品卖家意见很大,走在这条街上,随处可听到喇叭在不停反复播放着促销信息。记者从宣武区商务局了解到,从政府角度来对入驻大栅栏的商家进行重新定位和引导,设置大栅栏商家的准入门槛。大栅栏有了准入门槛后,一方面可以防止一些不入流的小商贩进入,另一方面也可以提高整条街的经营档次。
Walk south along the Qianmen Street for about 290 meters and turn right on to Dashilan
Commercial Street. The Liubiju Pickles Store is located on the Liangshidian Hutong on your left side. The store started its business from 1530 and during the 400 years, it has focused on one product, pickles. 50 meters south to the Liubiju store is the 200-year-old Zhonghe Theater. Many famous actors performed here in ancient days, and now visitors can still appreciate some traditional theatrical pieces, such as Pecking Opera, storytelling and some other kinds of folk art performances while enjoying a cup of fragrant tea.
Walk north along the street and pass by the entrance of Dashilan Commercial Street, you will find a very narrow alley between two shops, the Qianshi Hutong. With a width of 70 cm, it is the narrowest hutong in Beiing. This hutong was a money exchange money and jewelry trade in ancient days. The business men built this narrow Hutong to prevent thieves, and in case they were stolen, the thieves can be easily blocked in this narrow alley. Then walk back to the Dashilan Business Street to visit the well-known stores one by one. The first we suggest is Ruifuxiang Silk Store. Located at the No. 5, Dashilan Business Street, this store is over 100 years old. The first national flag of PRC was produced by Ruifuxiang. Tailor-making is the characteristics of Ruifuxiang. If you are inter
ested in Chinese traditional clothing, you can customize your own clothes there. Continue to walk west to Zhangyiyuan Tea Store, where you can find all kinds of high quality tea. No. 24 is the well-known medicine store Tongrentang. With a long history of 330 years, Tongrentang is still the first choice for buying traditional Chinese medicine due to its good quality and satisfying curative effect. No. 36 is Neiliansheng Cloth Shoe-sole Store, which was opened in 1853 to tailor-make cloth boots for the royal families and officials in the Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911). Later Neiliansheng extended the range to cloth shoes of women, child and ordinary people, as well as all kinds of leather shoes. The cloth shoes are light, comfortable and of good breathability, so you are recommended to try one. No. 36 is the Daguanlou Theater, the memorial place of the naissance of China movies, and also a good place to recapture the course of China movie. Although Daguanlou can not be compared with some modern cinemas in the city, this remains unshakable to the locals as it reminds them old times and their childhood. Now, the Daguanlou Theater is also a well-known tourist resort.
About
Dashilan Street was a commercial center of Beijing more than five hundred and eighty years ago. The name Dashilan comes from the large gates built at either end of the street during the Qing Dynasty to prevent street crime at night and as a safeguard against riots by the local Han people against the Qing. The fences built here were quite peculiar and remained for a long time. In 1900, the entire street was burnt to the ground during the Boxer uprising before it again prospered from returning merchants.
Dashilan is situated on south of Tiananmen Square, west of Qianmen Dajie, where many century-old shops and restaurants are located. Here you can also purchase some traditional handcrafts. Bargaining is always needed. The old shops and small stalls located here are frequented by Beijingers.

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