中国航母钢板生产获重大突破 关键技术领先世界
中国航母钢板生产获重大突破 关键技术领先世界
发展航空母舰是一个国家综合实力的体现，是各个国家高端装备制造业、尖端材料等工业实力的竞争，是海军强国的必由之路。航母用高强度大宽厚板是建造航母的关键，而我国航母用大单重高强度大宽厚板坯是目前建造航母的瓶颈。
  ■向大林 姜洋
  我国有1.8万多公里海岸线、300多万平方公里的海洋国土，有一半海洋国土与周边国家处于争议中。
  联合国安理会五大常任理事国中，美国拥有现役核动力航母11艘，占全球航母半数以上；俄罗斯竭力保留了1艘满载排水量6.75万吨的大型航母；英国计划建造2艘“伊丽莎白女王”级新一代航母；“戴高乐”号核动力航母仍是法国海空称雄之本。拥有航母的4个常任理事国，无一不在竭力保持和加强自己的“航母大国”地位。
  发展航空母舰是一个国家综合实力的体现，是各个国家高端装备制造业、尖端材料等工业实力的竞争，是海军强国的必由之路。航母用高强度大宽厚板是建造航母的关键，而我国航
母用大单重高强度大宽厚板坯是目前建造航母的瓶颈。
  航母用钢板是重要的战略物资
  航母要面对来自空中、海面、海下、陆地、电磁、海浪、侵蚀等诸多因素的威胁和干扰。航母用钢板要承受舰载机起降的沉重强大的冲击和高摩擦力，还要承受喷气式飞机高达几千度的火焰烧蚀，应具有高屈强比、高韧性、抗氧化、耐高温、不变形以及抗低温性能。为防止被磁性攻击及磁力探测发现，还应无磁，要能抵御海水腐蚀以及有足够的防弹能力以防止与潜艇导弹的轰击等。因此，航母建造所使用的钢板要求很高，生产难度很大。
  至今，全世界仅4个国家生产的钢板能用于航母制造，都被视作重要的战略物资，不予出口。建造一艘7.5万吨级的大型航空母舰，需用各种特殊品种的大宽厚钢板4万多吨，其中，飞行甲板就需钢板约8000吨。
  大型航空母舰需要的钢板品种规格繁多，一般可分为船体板、装甲板及结构板三大类。
  其中，航母用钢板要求最高的是结构用钢板。结构板主要用于飞机跑道(飞行甲板)、隔仓
及船体结构等，尤其是飞行甲板，要求极高。首先，要求飞行甲板能够承受重达20～30吨的舰载机起飞和降落过程中的强烈冲击和高摩擦力。其次，还要承受喷气式飞机高达几千度的火舌的烘烤。还有，飞行甲板的厚度不能太厚，一般是40～50毫米，且要求不平度在5毫米/米以下，否则会影响飞机升降的质量。特别是，拼焊飞行甲板的钢板板面要越大越好，以尽量减少焊缝增加强度。钢板厚度要较小，以减轻船体重量，增加航速，降低重心，更加平稳，还要有足够的防弹能力。
  各个国家建设特宽厚钢板轧机的一个主要目的，都是为了供应大军舰用板，尤其是供应航母。以美国“尼米兹”级航母为例，其飞行甲板面积达1.82万平方米，相当于3个足球场，主要由50毫米厚的HSLA-80钢板组成。
  期待迎头赶上
  生产航母用大面积高强度钢板的5米轧机我国已有好几条生产线，还拥有“世界轧机之王”的5.5米特宽厚板轧机。但是，因缺乏高品质的大单重板坯，和当初第三代核电主管道制造一样，是无米之炊。
圣诞歌曲 铃儿响叮当歌词
  在我国，采用电渣板坯已成共识，特别是生产40吨以上甚至重达百吨的航母用高强度板坯，电渣技术优势明显。中国在世界上首开电渣重熔大型化先河，并一直领先：上世纪中叶，很多国家包括一些工业发达国家刚刚开始起步研究电渣重熔技术，世界电渣炉的容量还仅仅在几吨范围的1965年，我国就已建成了100吨的电渣炉。
  1981年，我国创建了世界上最大的200吨级电渣炉，到1984年底完成了秦山核电站核岛大锻件所需大钢锭的生产任务。可以说，没有中国原创的200吨级大电渣技术，就没有中国核电的起步。
  保证巨型坯料的高品质一直是现代冶金技术的难题，也是衡量一个国家基础工业发展水平的重要标志之一。作为中国的自主原创技术，200吨级电渣炉曾在第九届国际真空冶金会议上获奖。在我国的工业现代化发展过程中，由中国人独创，从研究开发到付诸工业生产应用并达到世界领先地位，在国际上获奖的重大项目还不多。
  2012年8月投产的130吨电渣炉具有年产8套第三代核电主管道、堆内构件、超超临界转子用电渣锭以及单重50~100吨航母用大宽厚高强度板坯6000吨的能力。最近，该130吨电渣炉成套生产了第三代核电AP1000和CAP1400主管道用超低碳控氮不锈钢电渣锭各1套，最
大锭重120吨。用于广东陆丰1号机组和国家科技重大专项、我国第三代核电技术自主创新的标志性工程山东荣成1号机组。
  我国单重50吨以上的大宽厚高强度电渣板坯攻关旷日持久，迟迟未果，而有些国内企业已经具备生产能力。为加快航母用单重50~100吨大宽厚高强度电渣板坯的生产试制，希望在国家的引导下，利用各方面的力量，共同实现我们的海军强国梦。
Developing an aircraft carrier is a reflection of a nation's comprehensive strength, is the various countries the high-end equipment manufacturing, advanced materials such as industrial strength competition, is the only way to naval powers. Carrier with high strength big lenient plate is the key to building a carrier, and carrier in China with large single high strength generous slab is currently the bottleneck of building aircraft carriers.
S to chose Jiang Yang
Our country has more than 18000 km coastline, more than 300 square kilometers of the sea, half the ocean land is in dispute with its neighboring countries.
In the five security council members, the United States has 11 nuclear-powered aircraft carrier ship on service accounts for more than half of global carrier; Russia tried to keep the ship carrying 67500 tons of large displacement carrier; Britain plans to build two "queen Elizabeth" a new generation of carrier; "DE gaulle" nuclear-powered aircraft carrier is still the French air and soil. With carrier four permanent members, none is not to maintain and strengthen their own "carrier" nation status.
Developing an aircraft carrier is a reflection of a nation's comprehensive strength, is the various countries the high-end equipment manufacturing, advanced materials such as industrial strength competition, is the only way to naval powers. Carrier with high strength big lenient plate is the key to building a carrier, and carrier in China with large single high strength generous slab is currently the bottleneck of building aircraft carriers.
初中信息技术教学计划>被子尺寸Carrier with steel plate is an important strategic materials
又老了一岁的经典句子Under the carrier from the air, sea, sea, land, many factors such as electromagnetic wave
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s, erosion and interference. Carrier with steel plate to the heavy powerful aircraft take-off and landing impact and high friction, must bear jet up to a few red flame ablation, should have showed, high toughness, high oxidation resistance, high temperature resistant, deformation and low temperature resistance. To prevent being attacked by a magnetic mine and magnetic survey found that still should non-magnetic, wants to be able to resist sea water corrosion and have enough bulletproof ability in order to prevent the torpedo and submarine missile bombardment, etc. Therefore, carrier construction of the high demand for steel plate, used production is very difficult.
Up to now, only four countries worldwide production of steel plate can be used for the carrier, are regarded as important strategic materials, shall not be exported. To build a large aircraft carrier ship 7.5 ton, need a variety of special varieties generous steel 40000 tons, among them, the flight deck will need about 8000 tons of steel.
Large aircraft carriers need to steel specification is various, generally can be divided into the hull plate, armor plate and structure of plate three categories.
Among them, the aircraft carrier with steel plate is the most demanding structure with steel plate. Structure board is mainly used in jx runway (flight deck), warehouse and hull structure, such as insulation, especially in the flight deck, demand is extremely high. First, ask the flight deck to withstand weighing 20 ~ 30 tons of aircraft taking off and landing process of strong shock and high friction. Second, must bear jet up to a few red fire baking. Also, the thickness of the flight deck cannot be too thick, generally is 40 ~ 50 mm, and require the roughness under 5 mm/m, otherwise it will affect the quality of the aircraft lift. In particular, tailor-welded flight deck steel plate to the bigger the better, to minimize weld strength increase. Steel plate thickness to smaller, in order to reduce body weight and increase the speed, lower center of gravity, more stable, but also have enough bulletproof ability.

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