我国商业银行个人住房贷款的风险及防范外文文献及翻译
我国商业银行个人住房贷款的风险及防范外文文献及
翻译
Mortgage Loan
A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan However the word mortgage alone in everyday usage is most often used to mean mortgage loan
The word mortgage is a Law French term meaning "death contract" meaning that the pledge ends dies when either the obligation is fulfilled or the property is taken through foreclosure[1]
女炮师刷图加点栖息A home buyer or builder can obtain financing  a loan  either to purchase or secure against the property from a financial institution such as a bank either directly or indirectly through intermediaries Features of mortgage loans such as the size of the loan maturity of the loan interest rate method of paying off the loan and other characteristics can vary considerably
In many jurisdictions though not all Bali Indonesia being one exception[2]  it is normal for home purcha
ses to be funded by a mortgage loan Few individuals have enough savings or liquid funds to enable them
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to purchase property outright In countries where the demand for home ownership is highest strong domestic markets have developed Mortgage loan basics
Basic concepts and legal regulation
According to Anglo-American property law a mortgage occurs when an owner  usually of a fee simple interest in realty  pledges his or her interest  right to the property  as security or collateral for a loan Therefore a mortgage is an encumbrance  limitation  on the right to the property just as an easement would be but because most mortgages occur as a condition for new loan money the word mortgage has become the generic term for a loan secured by such real property As with other types of loans mortgages have an interest rate and are scheduled to amortize over a set period of time typically 30 years All types of real property can be and usually are secured with a mortgage and bear an interest rate that is supposed to reflect the lenders risk
吊顶铝板Mortgage lending is the primary mechanism used in many countries to finance private ownership of residential and commercial property Although the terminology and precise forms will differ from count
ry to country the basic components tend to be similar
Property the physical residence being financed The exact form of ownership will vary from country to country and may restrict the types of lending that are possible
Mortgage the security interest of the lender in the property which may entail restrictions on the use or disposal of the property Restrictions may include requirements to purchase home insurance and mortgage insurance or pay off outstanding debt before selling the property Borrower the person borrowing who either has or is creating an ownership interest in the property
Lender any lender but usually a bank or other financial institution Lenders may also be investors who own an interest in the mortgage through a mortgage-backed security In such a situation the initial lender is known as the mortgage originator which then packages and sells the loan to investors The payments from the borrower are thereafter collected by a loan servicer[3]
Principal the original size of the loan which may or may not include certain other costs as any principal is repaid the principal will go down in size
Interest a financial charge for use of the lenders money
Foreclosure or repossession the possibility that the lender has to foreclose repossess or seize the property under certain circumstances is essential to a mortgage loan without this aspect the loan is arguably no different from any other type of loan
Many other specific characteristics are common to many markets but the above are the essential features Governments usually regulate many
aspects of mortgage lending either directly  through legal requirements for example  or indirectly  through regulation of the participants or the financial markets such as the banking industry  and often through state intervention  direct lending by the government by state-owned banks or sponsorship of various entities  Other aspects that define a specific mortgage market may be regional historical or driven by specific characteristics of the legal or financial system
Mortgage loans are generally structured as long-term loans the periodic payments for which are similar to an annuity and calculated according to the time value of money formulae The most basic arrangement would require a fixed monthly payment over a period of ten to thirty years depending on local conditions Over this period the principal component of the loan the original loan would be slowly paid down through amortization In practice many variants are possible and common worldwide and within each country
Lenders provide funds against property to earn interest income and generally borrow these funds themselves  for example by taking deposits or issuing bonds  The price at which the lenders borrow money therefore affects the cost of borrowing Lenders may also in many countries sell the mortgage loan to other parties who are interested in receiving the stream of cash payments from the borrower often in the form of a security  by means of a securitization
Mortgage lending will also take into account the perceived  riskiness of the mortgage loan that is the likelihood that the funds will be repaid  usually considered a function of the creditworthiness of the borrower  that if they are not repaid the lender will be able to foreclose and recoup some or all of its original capital and the financial interest rate risk and time delays that may be involved in certain circumstances Mortgage loan types
There are many types of mortgages used worldwide but several factors broadly define the characteristics of the mortgage All of these may be subject to local regulation and legal requirements
Interest interest may be fixed for the life of the loan or variable and change at certain pre-defined periods the interest rate can also of course be higher or lower
如何卸载Term mortgage loans generally have a imum term that is the number of years after which an amortizi
ng loan will be repaid Some mortgage loans may have no amortization or require full repayment of any remaining balance at a certain date or even negative amortization
Payment amount and frequency the amount paid per period and the frequency of payments in some cases the amount paid per period may change or the borrower may have the option to increase or decrease the amount paid卫浴洁具十大品牌
Prepayment some types of mortgages may limit or restrict prepayment

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