刘蒋巍:2021年常州中考英语考试说明解读
2021年常州中考英语考试说明解读
文/刘蒋巍
《常州初中生学业考试说明（英语）》样卷的题型示例中，单项选择分析如下：---Why doesn’t the surgeon stop ____________ lunch?
---Because he is too busy __________ a dying patient in the operation room.
A. to have; to save
B. having; to save
C. to have; saving
D. having; saving
【分析】本题主要考查动词不定式作目的状语和be busy doing sth结构。本题得分率为57%。问句的意思是“医生为什么不停下来吃午饭”，答句的意思是“因为他忙于抢救一个病人”。stop doing sth和stop to do sth的区别；stop doing sth“停止正在做的事情”，stop to do sth“停下（正在做的事情）去做另外一件
事”。从上下文得知医生在忙着做手术，所以没有停止（手术）去吃饭，应该用stop to do sth；根据答句的句意，此句没有“太忙而不能做某事”的意思，而是“正在忙着手术”，所以不能选too…to…结构，只能用be busy doing sth结构。因此，C. to have; saving 是最佳选项。
The shopping mall _______ for two years, but I ___________ there only once.
A. has opened; have gone
B. has opened; have been
C. has been open; have gone
D. has been open; have been
【分析】本题考查现在完成时态与一段时间连用时，用形容词表示延续性动词的用法以及have been to的用法。本题得分率为59%。open作动词时表示短暂性的动作，而作形容词时表示状态。本句前半句的意思是“购物中心开了两年了”，用的是现在完成时，而且与一段时间for two years连用，所以应该用open的形容词形式，表示延续性动作。后半句的意思是“我只去过一次”。have been to的意思是“曾经去过（已经回来）”，而have gone to的意思是“已经去了（人还未回）”。因此，D. has been open; have been是最佳选项。
【对策】本题给我们的启示是：要正确理解上下文意思，真正理解语法的基本概念，切忌生搬硬套；另外要突破定势思维，要根据语境灵活运用语言知识。
《常州初中生学业考试说明（英语）》样卷的题型示例中，阅读理解及其分析如下。
Imagine you are walking through the woods and you see a small dog. It looks cute and friendly. You move up to pet the dog. Suddenly it barks and tries to bite you. The dog no longer seems cute and you feel afraid and possibly angry. Then, as the wind blows, the leaves on the ground are carried away and you see the dog has one of its legs caught in a trap. Now, you take pity on the dog. You know it becomes unfriendly because it is in pain.
We all judge(评判) others all the time. It might be over small things, like a
workmate who takes too long of a lunch break. Or it might be over bigger matters, such as a person who behaves selfishly or hurts our feelings. There are many reasons why we judge others. It is human nature to find a way to survive. When we see a dog(or a person) that might bite us, of course we feel threatened(威胁). We become nervous, want to fight back and are unable to see the possible reasons for another’s behavior.
Although judgment is a natural reaction(反应), try to catch yourself before you speak, for you can’t get your words back. Make a short stop. Try to change your thought into a positive(正面的) one. After all, like that dog in the trap, we really don’t know the reasons for someone’s behavior.
When someone disagrees with us or somehow makes our life difficult, remember that it’s usually not about us. It may be about their pain or stru ggle(挣扎). Why not give others the right to express their doubt? “Never underestimate the pain of a person,” Will Smith said, “because in all honesty, everyone is struggling. Some people are better at hiding it than others”
【总体分析】本文以狗的故事为例，指出生活中许多人出于生存本能，常常凭借自己的主观想法去臆断他人，殊不知他人也有自己的痛苦和挣扎。作者意在告诉读者不要对他人的表现或者行为急于下结论。
32. The writers talks about the dog in the first paragraph mainly to __________.
A. give an example
B. make a comparison
C. share a good story
D. set the background
【分析】本题为判断推理题。本题得分率为57%。通过阅读全文，可知文章以狗的故事开头，并非为了讲好一个故事，而是为了引入文章要讨论的主题：不要凭借自己的主观想法去臆断他人。因此，D是正确答案。
33. According to the writer, we usually judge others__________.
A. over big matters instead of small ones
B. after thinking carefully about their situation
C. about the real reasons behind their behavior
D. for our own survival when feeling threatened
【分析】本题为细节理解题。本题得分率为58%。从第二段“There are many reasons why we judge others. It is human nature to find a way to survive.”可知作者认为“我们出于很多原因去判断别人，而这些是出于本能，也是人性使然。”因此，D是
正确答案。
34. What does the underlined sentence ”Never underestimate the pain of a person” mean?
A. Never believe others have pain.
B. Never pay attention to others’ pain.
C. Never think others’ pain is bigger than it really is.
D. Never think others’ pain is smaller than it re ally is.
常州购物
【分析】本题为句意猜测题。本题的得分率为54%。文章中多处提到了别人在生活中正在遭受痛苦，由此他们表现出一些行动。从最后一句“Will Smith said, ‘because in all honesty, everyone is struggling. Some people are better at hiding it than others’”可知，作者借用Will Smith的话告诉读者，“不管如何，事实上每个人都在挣扎，只不过有些人更善于隐藏。”所以画线部分的意思是“不要低估一个人的痛苦”。因此，D是正确答案。
35. What is the best title of the passage?
A. The Best Way to Judge
B. Too Late to Judge
C. Think Twice Before You Judge
D. You’ve Got a Reason to Judge
【分析】本题为归纳主旨题。本题得分率为75%。本文的主题是不要轻易地判断他人，要多了解他人行为背后的原因。Think Twice Before You Judge的意思是“三思而后判断”。因此，C是正确答案。
《常州初中生学业考试说明（英语）》样卷的题型示例中，词汇及其分析如下。
A)根据句子意思，用括号中所给词的正确形式填空，每空填一词。
55.To protect the earth, we mustn’t throw away the waste _____________ (care).【分析】本题考查学生对句意的理解和副词carelessly的掌握情况。本题得分率为55%。本句的句意是“为了保护地球，我们不能随意倒垃圾”。有些考生填写了carefully，这是不对的，因为句意不通。有些学生不敢写carelessly，因为平时了解这个单词最多的意思是“粗心的”，由此造成失分。
【答案】carelessly
B) 根据句意及汉语提示，写出各单词的正确形式，每空填一词。
61.Mary goes to work every day _____________ (除……之外) Sundays.
【分析】本题考查学生对句意的理解和介词except的掌握情况。本题得分率为54%．本句的意思是“玛丽除了星期天每天都去上班”。由于except和expect外形
相似，许多学生会出现拼写错误，由此看出一些学生记忆单词还是靠死记硬背，导致失分较多。建议学生们采用音形结合的方法记忆单词。
【答案】except
62.The general manager always thinks twice before ______________ (回复) to the customers.
【分析】本题考查学生对句意的理解和动词reply的掌握情况。本题得分率为58%。本句的意思是“总经理在回复客户前总是仔细思考”。许多学生没有掌握reply to 的结构，回答answering，也有学生出现拼写错误。
【答案】replying
《常州初中生学业考试说明（英语）》样卷的题型示例中，用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空及其分析如下。
64.Last year, the light-coloured car _____________ (sell) better than the dark-coloured ones.
【分析】本题考查对语境的把握和一般过去时以及sell well的用法。本题得分率为57%。根据句子意思“去年，浅颜汽车卖得比深颜汽车好”，可知用一般过去时。Sell用主动语态表示被动的意思，一些学生用了was sold．
【答案】sold
67.All the children _____________ (bring) back to their parents yesterday after the police found them.
【分析】本题考查对语境的把握和一般过去时被动语态的用法。本题得分率为57%。根据句子意思“昨天，所有的孩子在警察到他们之后都被带回到了他们父母的身边”，从时间状语yesterday可知用一般过去时，而且根据句意必须用被动语态。但是一些学生混淆了brought和bought，导致失分。
【答案】were brought
《常州初中生学业考试说明（英语）》样卷的题型示例中，根据所给中文完成句子及其分析如下：
他对研究古钱币比对收集邮票更感兴趣。
He is___________________________________________.
【分析】本题考查be interested in、比较级以及短语study ancient coins 和collect stamps.本题得分率为45%。“研究”的英文表达用study，有的学生用research反而错误百出，同时拼写ancient时出现较多错误。
【答案】He is_more interested in studying ancient/old coins than (in) collecting stamps.

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