HTTP请求头中的X-Forwarded-For,X-Real-IP
HTTP请求头中的X-Forwarded-For，X-Real-IP  X-Forwarded-For
在使⽤nginx做反向代理时，我们为了记录整个的代理过程，我们往往会在配置⽂件中做如下配置:
location / {
省略...
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass x;
}
红⾊部分就是为了记录代理过程做的配置，在http header中添加代理的信息，我们可以把X-Forwarded-For当成http扩展头，其格式⼀般为:
X-Forwarded-For:192.168.247.1, 192.168.247.131, 192.168.247.132
注意，引⽤X-Forwarded-For时要这样$http_x_forwarded_for
做⼀下测试
1.我们测试⼀下请求经过三层代理的情况，测试设备分配:
win10 ⼀台
运⾏在win10上的虚拟机centos6-0，ip:192.168.247.131，⼀级代理
运⾏在win10上的虚拟机centos6-1, ip:192.168.247.132 ,⼆级代理
运⾏在win10上的虚拟机centos6-2, ip:192.168.247.133 ，三级代理
云服务器，应⽤服务器
2.测试环境配置:
win10 在/etc/hosts⽂件中添加192.168.247.131 test.proxy
centos6-0，ip:192.168.247.131，安装nginx，把所有请求转发到192.168.247.132
centos6-1, ip:192.168.247.132，安装nginx，把所有请求转发到192.168.247.133
centos6-2, ip:192.168.247.133，安装nginx，把所有请求转发到云服务器
在云服务器上的⽇志中打印http header中的X-Forwarded-For信息
防⽕墙可以关闭掉，防⽌win10请求⽆法进⼊代理链
#centos6-0，ip:192.168.247.131 ,f
location / {
root  html;
如何设置代理服务器
index  index.html index.htm index.php;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass 192.168.247.132;
}
#centos6-1，ip:192.168.247.132 ,f
location / {
root  html;
index  index.html index.htm index.php;
#proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass 192.168.247.133;
}
#centos6-2，ip:192.168.247.133 ,f
location / {
root  html;
index  index.html index.htm index.php; 
#proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass 123.206.96.111;
}
#云服务器⽅便起见在⽇志中设置打印$http_x_forwarded_for，进⾏观察
log_format  main  '$http_x_forwarded_for|$http_x_real_ip|$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
4.基于上⾯的配置在win10浏览器输⼊:"test.proxy" 查看云服务器⽇志打印结果如下:
192.168.247.1, 192.168.247.131, 192.168.247.132|192.168.247.1|101.254.182.6 - - [22/May/2017:18:20:27 +0800] "GET /admin/login/?next=%2Fadmin%2F HTTP/1.0" 200 623 "test.proxy/admin/login/?next=%2Fadmin%2F
192.168.247.1, 192.168.247.131, 192.168.247.132为$http_x_forwarded_for内容，显然记录了代理过程，其中192.168.247.1是客户端ip
192.168.247.1 为基于上述设置的真实IP(不⼀定准确）
101.254.182.6 公⽹IP
继续。。。
我们要仔细测试⼀下在不同代理服务器设置X-FORWARDED-FOR在应⽤服务器拿到的$http_x_forwarded_for有何不同
1.只在proxy01设置X-FORWARDED-FOR, 在proxy02,proxy03配置⽂件中注释掉proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
192.168.247.1|192.168.247.1|101.254.182.6 - - [22/May/2017:18:52:49 +0800] "GET /admin/login/?next=%2Fadmin%2F HTTP/1.0" 200 623 "test.proxy/admin/login/?next=%2Fadmin%2F""Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) App 2.只在proxy02设置X-FORWARDED-FOR, 在proxy01,proxy03配置⽂件中注释掉proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
192.168.247.131|192.168.247.1|101.254.182.6 - - [22/May/2017:18:59:59 +0800] "GET /admin/login/?next=%2Fadmin%2F HTTP/1.0" 200 623 "test.proxy/admin/login/?next=%2Fadmin%2F""Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) A 3.只在proxy03设置X-FORWARDED-FOR, 在proxy01,proxy02配置⽂件中注释掉proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
192.168.247.132|192.168.247.1|101.254.182.6 - - [22/May/2017:19:01:27 +0800] "GET /admin/login/?
next=%2Fadmin%2F HTTP/1.0" 200 623 "test.proxy/admin/login/?next=%2Fadmin%2F""Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) A 4.只在proxy01，proxy03设置X-FORWARDED-FOR, 在proxy02配置⽂件中注释掉proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
192.168.247.1, 192.168.247.132|192.168.247.1|101.254.182.6 - - [22/May/2017:19:05:49 +0800] "GET /admin/login/?next=%2Fadmin%2F HTTP/1.0" 200 623 "test.proxy/admin/login/?next=%2Fadmin%2F""Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10 5.只在proxy02，proxy03设置X-FORWARDED-FOR, 在proxy01配置⽂件中注释掉proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
192.168.247.131, 192.168.247.132|192.168.247.1|101.254.182.6 - - [22/May/2017:19:08:39 +0800] "GET /admin/login/?next=%2Fadmin%2F HTTP/1.0" 200 623 "test.proxy/admin/login/?next=%2Fadmin%2F""Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.只在proxy01，proxy02设置X-FORWARDED-FOR, 在proxy03配置⽂件中注释掉proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
192.168.247.1, 192.168.247.131|192.168.247.1|101.254.182.6 - - [22/May/2017:19:10:40 +0800] "GET /admin/login/?next=%2Fadmin%2F HTTP/1.0" 200 623 "test.proxy/admin/login/?next=%2Fadmin%2F""Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10⼩结：
1.通过以上⼏种情况我们可以了解到设置X-Forwarded-For是⼀个可叠加的过程，后⾯的代理会把前⾯代理的IP加⼊X-Forwarded-For，类似于python的列表append的作⽤.
2.我们看到在三层代理情况下⽆论如何设置，应⽤服务器不可能从$http_x_forwarded_for拿到与它直连的这台服务器的ip（proxy03 ip），此时我们可以使⽤$remote_addr（远程
ip，表⽰直连的那台代理）.⼀句话，当前服务器⽆法通过$http_x_forwarded_for获得上级代理或者客户端的ip，应该使⽤$remote_addr.
3.在代理过程中⾄少有⼀个代理设置了proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for；否则后⾯代理或者应⽤服务器⽆法获得相关信息.
4.注意，应⽤服务器可以通过$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for客户端IP（只要⾄少proxy01代理设置了proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for；我们取第⼀IP就好
了），但是我们要考虑客户端伪造头部的情况，如下⽰例：
假设我们在所有代理都加上了proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for；然后我们在proxy01机器上本机curl代替win10模拟⼀个客户端请求，
在proxy01上执⾏: curl localhost/admin -H 'X-Forwarded-For: 1.1.1.1' -H 'X-Real-IP: 2.2.2.2'
1.1.1.1, 127.0.0.1, 19
2.168.247.131, 192.168.247.132|127.0.0.1|101.254.182.6 - - [23/May/2017:11:02:09 +0800] "GET /admin HTTP/1.0" 301 263 "-""curl/7.15.5 (i386-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.15.5 OpenSSL/0.9.8b zlib/1.2.3 libidn/0.6.5
可以看到，1.1.1.1放到了最前⾯，所以我们不能够想当然的去取第⼀个ip作为客户端的这是IP.这⾥127.0.0.1是真实IP.
5.虽然X-Forwarded-For可以伪造，但是对我们依然有⽤，⽐如我们就从proxy01代理往后截取就⾏了，这样就能做到直接忽视伪造得IP.
X-Real-IP
下⾯我们看⼀下有多级代理存在时如何获取客户端真实IP.
⾸先要明确在header⾥⾯的 X-Real-IP只是⼀个变量，后⾯的设置会覆盖前⾯的设置（跟X-Forwarded-For的追加特性区别明显），所以我们⼀般只在第⼀个代理设
置proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr；就好了，然后再应⽤端直接引⽤$http_x_real_ip就⾏.
1.假如我们只在proxy01设置了 X-Real-IP
192.168.247.1, 192.168.247.131, 192.168.247.132|192.168.247.1|101.254.182.6 - - [23/May/2017:11:23:00 +0800] "GET /test/ HTTP/1.0" 200 9 "test.proxy/test/""Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, 2.假如我们只在proxy02设置了X-Real-IP
192.168.247.1, 192.168.247.131, 192.168.247.132|192.168.247.131|101.254.182.6 - - [23/May/2017:11:26:22 +0800] "GET /test/ HTTP/1.0" 200 9 "test.proxy/test/""Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTM 3.假如我们只在proxy03设置了X-Real-IP
192.168.247.1, 192.168.247.131, 192.168.247.132|192.168.247.132|101.254.182.6 - - [23/May/2017:11:27:21 +0800] "GET /test/ HTTP/1.0" 200 9 "test.proxy/test/""Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTM
4.所有代理都设置X-Real-IP
192.168.247.1, 192.168.247.131, 192.168.247.132|192.168.247.132|101.254.182.6 - - [23/May/2017:11:29:09 +0800] "GET /test/ HTTP/1.0" 200 9 "test.proxy/test/""Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTM
5.强迫症来了，再试⼀个只设置proxy01,proxy02的看看
192.168.247.1, 192.168.247.131, 192.168.247.132|192.168.247.131|101.254.182.6 - - [23/May/2017:11:30:36 +0800] "GET /test/ HTTP/1.0" 200 9 "test.proxy/test/""Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTM 假如有⼈假冒X-Real-IP呢？
6. 在proxy01上执⾏: curl localhost/admin -H 'X-Forwarded-For: 1.1.1.1' -H 'X-Real-IP: '
1.1.1.1, 127.0.0.1, 19
2.168.247.131, 192.168.247.132|192.168.247.131|101.254.182.6 - - [23/May/2017:11:36:02 +0800] "GET /admin HTTP/1.0" 301 263 "-""curl/7.15.5 (i386-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.15.5 OpenSSL/0.9.8b zlib/1.2.3 libidn/0.6.5并没有影响.
IT'S OVER.

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