2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解
专题十 N、O字部
1. national
adj.国家的,全国性的,民族的;国内的,本国的;国有的,国立的
关联词组:National Day国庆节;national standard国家标准;national culture民族文化;national team国家队
national表示“国家的,全国性的”,与local(当地的,地方性的)相对。例如:
Between 1929 and 1933 America’s national income fell by more than half. 1929至1933年间,美国的国民收入下降过半。
national表示“国内的,本国的”,与international相对。例如:
national and international news国内和国际新闻
national表示“国有的,国立的”:a national museum国家博物馆
词性转换:nation n.国家;民族;nationally adv.全国性;nationality n.国籍
关联单词:international adj.国际的
(2019,江西卷,阅读B)I come from Kitengela, a farming community on the edge (边缘) of Nairobi National Park of Kenya (肯尼亚).
2. natural
adj.自然的,天然的
关联词组:natural gas天然气;natural environment自然环境;natural resource自然资源;natural world自然界;natural science自然科学
用法:
natural表示“自然的,天然的”,与man-made(人造的)相对,例如:
the need for natural light in offices 办公室里需要自然光的照射
natural表示“天生的,本能的,与生俱来的”,形容行为或能力:
Babies have a natural fear of falling.婴儿本能地害怕跌倒。
词性转换:naturally adv.自然地,天然地;nature n.自然;性质,种类:in nature本质上;by nature天生地;生性;mother nature大自然;human nature人性
反义词:unnatural adj.不自然的
(2019,江苏卷,词汇检测)
43. Amy and Annie will go on a natural history walk next ______________(星期日).
3. near
adj.近的,不远的;adv.在附近,不久以后;prep.在……附近,靠近
用法:
near作形容词,表示“(距离或时间)近的,不远的,不久的”。例如:
Where's the nearest bank? 最近的银行在哪儿?
in the near future在不久的未来;短期内
near作副词,表示“(距离或时间)不远,在附近,不久以后”。例如:
She took a step nearer.她走近一步。
The exams are drawing near. 考试越来越近了。
near作介词,有时可和to连用,表示“在……附近;临近”。例如:
Do you live near here? 你住在这附近吗?
近义词:close,next to
关联单词:nearly=almost adv.几乎,差不多:
I've worked here for nearly two years. 我已经在这里工作了将近两年。
(2019,浙江卷,阅读B)Remember: whenever you are on a trampoline, be careful not to jump near the edge of it.
(2019,山东卷,阅读表达)In France, women now receive nearly $1,000 a month for a year if they have a third child.
4. necessary
adj.必需的,必要的
关联词组:if necessary如果必要的话;when necessary在必要时
用法:常用搭配有it is necessary (for sb.) to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事很有必要。例如:
It is necessary for us to meet.我们有必要见面。
词性转换:necessarily adv.必要地,必定地;necessity n.需要;必然性;必需品
近义词:important adj.重要的
(2019,山东卷,阅读C)A gift is necessary when one is invited to visit friends in China.
5. need
n.需要,需求;v.需要;必须
关联词组:there’s no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)不必做某事;be in need of sth.需要…
…
need作名词:
一般使用单数,表示“需要,需求”,常和for或to do搭配。例如:
There’s a growing need for new housing in many areas. 许多地区对新住房的需求不断增长。
We fully realized the need to improve communications. 我们充分意识到需要改善沟通交流。
如果使用复数needs,则表示“生活必需品”:
She works to provide for her family’s basic needs. 她工作是为了维持家里的基本生计。
need作动词:
充当实意动词,否定形式don’t need,疑问形式do you need;可用于need sth.或need (sb.) to do sth.等结构:
I don’t need him to help me.我不需要他帮助我。
充当情态动词,否定形式为needn’t=need not,疑问形式为need you;后接动词原形:
Need I pay the whole amount now? 我必须现在全部付清吗?
(2019,浙江卷,阅读B)If you would like to start trampolining, you may first need to ask a doctor to make sure it's a safe activity for you.
6. neither
adj.&pron.两者都不(的);adv.也不
用法:
neither可充当形容词或代词表限定,作动词:
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。
Neither of them has/have a car. 他们两个都没有汽车。
neither作副词,表示“也不”:
He didn't remember and neither did I. 他没记住,我也忘了。
neither…nor…结构充当连词,表示“既不……也不……”:
Neither he nor his wife enjoyed the vacation. 这次度假他和他的妻子都玩得不开心。
(2019,山东卷,单项填空)
28. A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their
classmates. So it _________helps with students' health, _________improves their social skills.
A. either; or B. neither; nor C. not only; but also
7. nervous
adj.紧张不安的,担忧的;神经系统的
关联词组:nervous system神经系统;feel/get nervous感到/变得紧张
用法:nervous是形容词,可作表语或定语,可与介词of或about搭配:
She is always very nervous about the future.她总是对未来非常忧虑。
We were all a bit nervous of him at first. 起初我们都有点怕他。
词性转换:nervously adv.神经质地;焦急地;nerve n.神经,勇气;nervousness n.紧张不安
(2019,浙江卷,阅读B)
19. The writer says that buying things _______________.
A. can make people worried B. can make people nervous
C. may lead to sadness for long D. may lead to happiness for a short time
8. noise
n.声音;噪声;喧闹声
关联词组:traffic noise交通噪声;noise control噪声控制;low noise低噪声;make a noise2016年中考时间吵闹,喧哗
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