中国海洋大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试模拟试题
《英语翻译基础》模拟试题
I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30’)
1. CBD
2. CNN
3. DNA
4. DTV
5. FAO
6. GPS
7. IPR
8. ICRC
9. ISBN
10. World Anti-Doping Agency
11. International Bar Association
12. Synchronous Earth Observatory Satellite
13. foreign exchange reserve
14. export tax refunding system
15. International Dairy Federation
16. 孔庙
17. 三农
18. 核威慑
19. 优先股
20. 京剧脸谱
21. 走私文物
22. 弱势体
23. 人才市场
24. 生态农业
25. 安居工程
26. 中国大陆
27. 碧之轨迹终章攻略再就业工程
28. 人民币汇率
29. 黑社会性质组织
30. 和平共处五项原则
II. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120’)
Source Text 1:
The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. For life is a paradox: it enjoins us to cling to its many gifts even while it ordains their eventual relinquishment. The rabbis of old put it this way: “A man comes to this world with his fist clenched, but when he dies, his hand is open.” Surely we ought to hold fast to our life. For it is wondrous, and full of a beauty that breaks through every pore of God’s own earth. We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth only in our backward glance 苏州大学专业排名
when we remember what it was and then suddenly realize that it is no more. We remember a beauty that faded, a love that waned. But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with love when it was tendered.
Hold fast to life——but not so fast that you cannot let go. This is the second side of life’s coin, the opposite pole of its paradox: we must accept our losses, and learn how to let go. This is not an easy lesson to learn, especially when we are young and think that the world is ours to command, that whatever we desire with the full force of our passionate being can, nay, will be ours. But then life moves along to confront us with realities, and slowly but surely this truth dawns upon us. At every stage of life we sustain losses——and grow in the process. We begin our independent lives only when we emerge from the womb and lose its protective shelter. We enter a progression of schools, then we leave our mothers and fathers and our childhood homes. We get married and have children and then have to let them go. We confront the death of our parents and spouses. We face the gradual or not so gradual waning of our own strength. And ultimately, as the para
ble of the open and closed hand suggests, we must confront the inevitability of our own demise, losing ourselves, as it were, all that we were or dreamed to be. （374 words）
【Note】原文作者是美国犹太人联合会主席John Boynton Priestley，有删节。
【Key words】rabbis: （今年国庆节放假放几天rabbi的复数）犹太教经师，音译“拉比”。parable（譬喻、寓言）。
Source Text 2:
汉语是中国各民族共同使用的语言、联合国正式语文和工作语言之一，又是世界上历史最悠久、发展水平最高的语言之一，有文字可考的历史不少于6 000年。无论过去或现在，汉语在国内外都有很大的影响，具有很重要的地位。当今世界出现汉语热，一是因为中华民族历史悠久，有着光辉灿烂的文化， 对人类进步做出过巨大贡献；更是因为30年来中国中国实行改革开放，综合国力大大提升，与中国打交道、对中国文化感兴趣的国家、国际组织和人员日益增多。学习汉语也就成为深入了解中国的必由之路。
任何语言都与经济和文化分不开。经济和文化发展的国家，其语言所起的作用十分重要。
在过去20年里，中国的国内生产总值年均增长9.7%，未来的中国经济还将持续增长。“汉语热”的兴起，表明世界对中国未来发展的预期越来越好。可以预言，随着中国经济的进一步发展和国际地位的日益提高，世界上学习汉语和中国文化的人数还会不断增加。（377字）
《英语翻译基础》样题参考答案
I. 词语翻译
每当走过老师的窗前1. CBD中央商务区（Central Business District）
2. CNN美国有线电视新闻网（Cable News Network）
3. DNA脱氧核糖核酸（Deoxyribonucleic Acid）
4. DTV数字电视digital television
5. FAO（联合国）粮食与农业组织（Food and Agriculture Organization）
6. GPS全球（卫星）定位系统（Global Positioning System）
7. IPR知识产权（Intellectual Property Rights）
8. ICRC国际红十字协会（International Committee of the Red Cross）
9. ISBN国际标准书号（International Standard Book Number）
10. World Anti-Doping Agency世界反兴奋剂组织
11. International Bar Association国际律师协会
12. Synchronous Earth Observatory Satellite同步地球观测卫星
13. foreign exchange reserve外汇储备
14. export tax refunding system出口退税制
15. International Dairy Federation国际乳品业联合会
16. 孔庙Confucius Temple
17. 三农agriculture, rural areas and farmers
18. 核威慑 nuclear deterrence
19. 优先股preference stock
20. 京剧脸谱Peking opera makeups
21. 走私文物smuggled artifacts
22. 弱势体disadvantaged groups
23. 人才市场human resources pool
24. 生态农业environment(ally)-friendly agriculture
25. 安居工程Affordable Housing Program
26. 心组词中国大陆China’s mainland/the mainland of China
27. 小学优秀教师先进事迹材料再就业工程re-employment project
28. 人民币汇率 renminbi/RMB xchange rate
29. 黑社会性质组织mafia-like criminal gangs
30. 和平共处五项原则Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
II. 段落翻译
英译汉：
生活的艺术在于懂得何时要抓住，何时该放手。因为人生就是矛盾一场：它要你抓住生命的种种恩赐不放手，却又要让你最终一一放弃。古时的犹太教拉比则说：“人，降世时拳头攥紧，离世时两手松开。”我们无疑应该抓住人生，因为人生令人惊奇，它充满一种美，这美展露于上帝创造的每一寸土地上。我们明白确实如此，却往往在回首时才幡然醒悟，过去的一切我们依然记得，但突然明白那一切已不复存在。我们会记起的，是一种凋谢的美，一份逝去的爱。当美绽放时我们并没有去留意这份美，当爱意浓浓时我们未能报之以爱。回想这些，我们会更加心痛。
牢牢抓住人生，但不要抓得太紧，免得到时候不能放手。放手是人生硬币的另一面，是人生矛盾的另一极：我们必须接受失去并学会放手。这个道理不易体悟，尤其当你风华正茂时，你以为这个世界由你掌握，你以为凭着青春的活力和激情，渴望什么就能够、就会得到什么。然而，人生的步伐把你带到现实之中，人生的真相缓慢地、却必然要摆在你的面前。在人生的每个阶段我们都要承受失去，而我们就是在此过程中得以成长。我们在脱离母体、失去其保护后才开始独立的生活。我们从一所学校毕业，又进入另一所学校，然后离开父母，离开儿时的家；我们结婚、生子，之后又不得不放飞子女。我们要面对父母的逝去和配偶的离去，面对体力或缓慢或迅速丧失的现实。正如攥手和松手的譬喻所示，我们最终要面对不可避免的死亡，放弃自我，或者说放弃曾经拥有的或梦想拥有的一切。（600字）
汉译英：
Chinese is a language used by people of all the nationalities in China and is one of the official and working languages in the United Nations. It is also among the world's most highly developed languages with the longest history, a recorded history of at least 6, 000
years. Whether in the past or at present, the Chinese language has had great influence both at home and abroad and occupied a prominent position. The current worldwide interest in learning Chinese is attributable to the long history of the Chinese nation, its glorious and magnificent culture and its tremendous contribution to human progress. More importantly, as China's overall national strength has grown in the course of reform and opening-up over the last three decades, more and more countries, international organizations and peope come into contace with China and take interest in Chinese culture. For them, learning the Chinese language has become the only road to a profound understanding of China.
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