2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解
专题八 L字部
1. labour
n.劳动，劳动力
美式拼写：labor
关联词组：labour force劳动力；cheap labour廉价劳工；labour cost人工成本；Labour Day劳动节
用法：labour通常视为不可数名词，可指“劳动，（尤指）体力劳动”；也可以指工人的统称，即“劳工，劳动力”。例如：
The price will include the labour and materials.此价格中包含人工费和材料费。
a shortage of labour劳动力的短缺
关联单词：labourer=laborer n.劳动者，工人；（尤指）体力劳动者
（2019，吉林卷，阅读B）
65.How do people often celebrate Labor Day in America nowadays?
A. By working all day.
B. By giving gifts to working people.
C. By having fun with friends or family.
D. By having a big ceremony.
2. land
n.陆地，土地；v.落地，着陆，登陆
关联词组：land use土里利用；land development土地开发；land area陆地区域
熟词僻义：land还可作动词，表示“（飞机/鸟/昆虫）降落，落地”、“（船）着陆，登陆”：
The plane landed safely.飞机安全着陆了。
The troops landed at dawn.部队已在黎明登陆。
关联单词：island n.岛，小岛；farmland n.农田
（2019，安徽卷，阅读C）She found a piece of land for sale and bought it with $5,000 she saved from years of babysitting (当临时保姆).
3. large
adj.大的，巨大的
用法：large指“（尺寸）大的，大量的”，常用短语有a large number of大量的（修饰可数名词）；a large amount of大量的（修饰不可数名词）；large还可表示“大型号的”：small/medium/large小/中/大
同义词：big adj.大的
反义词：small adj.小的
（2019，浙江卷，阅读C）The antenna of FAST in Guizhou, China, the latest and largest radio telescope in the world, is 500 metres in diameter, as large as the size of 30 football fields.
4. last
adj.最后的；最近刚过去的；v.持续
关联词组：at last最后，终于；last year/month/week/night/summer去年/上个月/上周/昨晚/去年夏天；the last minute/moment最后一刻，紧急关头
熟词僻义：last还可以作动词，表示“持续”，不用于进行时，后面也不一定要接时间状语。例如：
The meeting only lasted a few minutes.会议只开了几分钟。
This weather won't last.这种天气持续不了多久。
词性转换：lasting adj.持久的，永恒的；lastly adv.最后，终于
（2019，江苏卷，阅读B）Eggs last a long time. You can keep them for about four weeks in your fridge.
5. laugh
v.笑，发笑
关联词组：laugh at嘲笑；laughter it off一笑而过；laugh out loud大声笑
用法：laugh一般作动词，后面不直接跟宾语，通常接介词at/about；laugh本身也可作名词，表示指笑的动作：He gave a short laugh.他笑了一声。
词性转换：laughter n.笑；笑声；laughable adj.可笑的，高兴的；laughably adv.可笑地
（2019，浙江卷，完形）
To his amazement, there was more ____15____ and more money throwing.
15. A. trouble B. anger C. silence D. laughter
6. law
n.法律；法令；定律
关联词组：law school法学院；labor law劳动法； international law国际法；company law公司法
用法：
law表示“法律（体系）”，是不可数名词，常和the连用，常见搭配有by law根据法律；break the law违法；触犯法律；be against the law违法
law表示具体的“法规，法令”等，是可数名词：pass a law通过一项法令；strict gun laws严格的支法
law表示“规律，法则，定律”等，是可数名词：the laws of nature自然规律
词性转换：lawful adj.合法的，法定的；lawfully adv.合法地，守法地；lawyer n.律师
（2019，山东卷，动词应用）
The police said that both Liu and Ran had broken criminal law by seriously endangering (危及) public safety.
7. lay
v.放，搁；下蛋
词形变化：过去式laid，过去分词laid
关联词组：lay down放下；制定；lay out摆放；安排；lay off解雇
用法：lay的基本意义是“安放，放置”，是及物动词，宾语后面通常跟副词或介词短语：
He laid his hand on my shoulder.他把一只手搭在我的肩上。
熟词僻义：lay还可表示“下（蛋）；产（卵）”：
The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds' nests.杜鹃在其他鸟的巢中产蛋。
同义词：put v.放
（2019，湖北卷，阅读B）While I was eating, he would lay out my clothes, ,make my bed, and gather my school books up.
8. lead
v.领导，带领
词形变化：过去式led，过去分词led
lead基本意义为“带路，引领”，常见于短语安徽中考时间2020具体时间lead the way中，lead后常接副词或介词短语：
The manager led the way through the office.经理带路穿过办公室。
lead第二层含义表示“领导，率领”：
Some people say she is too old to lead the country.有人说，她年纪太大，领导不了国家。
lead to sth.是固定短语，表示“导致，造成（后果）”，相当于cause：
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
词性转换：leading adj.领导的，主要的；leader n.领导者，首领；leadership n.领导能力；领导阶层
（2019，浙江卷，阅读B）
19. The writer says that buying things _______________.
A. can make people worried B. can make people nervous
C. may lead to sadness for long D. may lead to happiness for a short time
9. leave
v.离开；把……留下；剩下
词形变化：过去式left，过去分词left
关联词组：leave sb./sth. alone不打扰，让……独自呆着
leave表示“出发，离开”，leave at+时间点；leave for +地点（出发去某地）
leave表示“把……留在某处”，后接副词或介词短语：
Did anybody leave a jacket behind last night?昨天晚上有哪位忘记拿夹克衫了吗？
通常用过去分词left形式表示“剩下，剩余”：We don’t have much time left.我们没有多少时间了。
易混单词：left adj.左边的；n.左，左边
（2019，浙江卷，完形）I wish she would leave us alone. We were in the same summer school and now she thinks we're best friends.
10. lend
v.借（出），把……借给
词形变化：过去式lent，过去分词lent
关联词组：lend (sb.) a hand（给某人）搭把手lend a helping hand伸出援助之手，助一臂之力
用法：lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人：
I lent my CD player to Dave.=I lent Dave my CD player.我把CD播放机借给了戴夫。
反义词：borrow v.借（来），借用
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