课程主题： 第2讲 动词的时态和语（二） 2023年安徽省中考英语总复习一轮复习 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
学习目标 | 1.掌握时态的基本类型及基本用法 2.了解被动语态和不能使用被动语态的动词用法的基本类型及基本用法 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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【进门测试】 一、单项选择 1. The life we were used to ______ greatly since 2000. A. change B. has changed C. changing D. changed 2. —When shall we go and play basketball? — Not until the work _______ tomorrow. A. will finish B. have finished C. will be finished D. is finished 3. —Tom, I told you how to solve the math problem in the last lesson. —I’m sorry, Mr. Lin. I ______about the plan for the class trip. A. think B. thought C. was thinking D. have thought 4. Keep quiet, please! You must know talking loudly________ in the reading room. A. is not allowed B. is allowed C. doesn’t allow D. allows 5. Next term one thousand junior high school graduates ______ as pilots in China. A. train B. will train C. will be trained D. have been trained 6. —Mum, let’s go shopping together. —Can’t you see I’m so busy, dear? I ______ tomorrow’s meeting. A. prepare B. am preparing C. was preparing D. have prepared 7. Taobao, China’s biggest online shopping platform, _______ the ways Chinese people shop and live. A. changes B. changed C. has changed D. was changing 8. To live on Mars, you need to wear boots which ________ to prevent you from floating off into space. A. design B. designed C. are designing D. are designed 9. Lots of people like to take a walk on Nanjing City Wall since it _______. A. repaired B. was repaired C. has repaired D. is repaired 10. About 20 works from Pablo Picasso (毕加索) ______ to the public at the Nanjing International Art Festival in September this year. A. was shown B. were shown C. are shown D. will be shown 【答案】1-5 BDCAC 6-10 BCDBD 【多元导学】 班级一同学是个金庸迷，上中学的时候，一次英语课上他看《笑傲江湖》入了迷，忽然听闻老师讲“八大时态”，忙站起来纠正说：“老师，没那么多师太呀，只有三位，莫非你把小师妹也算进去了？” 批注：动词的时态对于许多学生来说真的是“灭绝时态”啊。尤其是今天复习的初中阶段常考的六种时态，由这幅画引出本节课所讲时态的内容，然后告诉学生本节课的任务就是消灭时态前面的“灭绝”两个字！询问时态和语态时怎么运用的？ 教学建议： 通过以上图片及描述，询问学生时态和语态这类题该怎么解决，导入时态和语态。 【互动精讲】 【知识梳理1】整体知识体系 一般现在时：谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数 一般过去时：谓语用动词的过去时 动词时态 一般将来时：谓语用will/shall/be going to+动词原形 现在进行时： 谓语用am/is/are+动词的现在分词 现在完成时： 谓语用have/has+动词的过去分词 过去进行时：谓语用was/were+动词的现在分词 动词语态 被动语态 主动语态 中考说明指出： 一般现在时 一般过去时 六种时态 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 【知识梳理2】考点剖析
【知识梳理3】时态精讲 一、一般将来时
【巧学妙记】 一般将来时, 将要发生事。 谓语不一般, will加动原。 要变一般疑问句, will放在主语前。 否定句也不难, will后面not添。 【例题精讲】 例1.The Games of Tokyo Olympic _____ in 2020. A. was held B. is held C. will hold D. will be held 【答案】D 【解析】东京奥运会将被举办在2020年，为将来被动 例2.—It’s said the Nanjing Airport light rail_________ into service in two months. —That’s great! It will be fast to go to the airport. A. puts B. will put C. is put D. will be put 【答案】D 【解析】根据in+一段时间可知为将来时，根据题意可知为被动语态 二、现在完成时
【巧学妙记】 英语现在完成时, 谓语结构要牢记; “have/has+过去分词”主要用法有两个; 动作发生在过去, 结果影响到现在; 常用just, already, 过去的动作或状态; 一直延续到现在, for和since把时间带。 批注： 1. have/ has been to, have/ has gone to, have/ has been in的区别 （1）have/ has been to：曾经去过，强调以往的经历。 例：The old man has been to Egypt when he was young. （2）have/ has gone to：去了某地，强调还没有回来。 例：--Where is your uncle? -- He has gone to the supermarket. （3）have/ has been in：待在某地，住在某地。 例：I have been in Nanjing for three years. 2. for和since的区别 (1)since的用法 A. since后可加时间点，如：It has been nine years since 1987. B. since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时，主句动词用现在完成时 (2) for的用法：for后加一段时间。如：They have worked in the factory for ten months . (3)since 和 for 用法的相互转换：for +一段时间= since+ 一段时间+ ago (4)对since和for的提问用how long。如： —How long have you been in Nanjing? —For three years./ Since three years ago. 【例题精讲】 用for, since, ago填空。 1. Sally has been away from London ________ last Saturday. 2. Our school has changed a lot ________ the new building was built. 3. Tommy has had this motorcycle ________ three years. 4. I have been in Nanjing ________ eight years. 5. My parents has been married since twenty years ________. 【答案】 1. since 2. since 3. for 4. for 5. ago 【解析】since+时间点；for+时间段 【课堂练习】 例1.—Why are you worried? —I’m expecting a call from my daughter. She ______ New York for three years. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come in 【答案】C 【解析】根据句意可知待在某地用have/has been in 例2. My father _________to South Hill．He______ there for 5 days. A. has gone; has been B. has been; has gone C. has gone; has gone D. has been; has been 【答案】A 【解析】has gone to在路上；has been there不加介词 3. 非延续性动词和延续性动词
【例题精讲】 例1.Alice in Wonderland ________ for 15 days and many of us like the film very much. A. begins B. has begun C. began D has been on 【答案】D 【解析】上映on，开始为非延续性动词 例2.—Do you miss your parent far away? —Yes, very much. They __________the hometown for over two years. A. left B. have left C. were away from D. have been away from 【答案】D 【解析】离开leave为非延续性动词，变成其对应的延续性动词 4.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
【例题精讲】 例1.Julie’s father ________ to London last month. He ________ there three times. A. went; had gone B. has gone; has been C. went; has been D. has been; had gone 【答案】C 【解析】last month为过去时；three times去过用have/has been to注意需不需要介词 例2.—How long have you ____here? —For two days. I _____here the day before yesterday. A. been; came B. come; came C. came; came D. been; been 【答案】A 【解析】第二空注意时间标志词判断为过去时 【巩固练习】 1. Mike used to be a top student, but he _______ behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】D 【解析】since自从...可判断本句为现在完成时 2. —Why are you still here? It’s almost eight o’clock. —Because I _______ (not finish) my work. 【答案】 haven’t finished 【解析】句意，我还没有完成我的工作 安徽中考时间2020具体时间3. —Excuse me, can I borrow the Robot magazine? —Sorry. Sandy_______ it for a week. A. kept B. has kept C. borrowed D. has borrowed 【答案】B 【解析】根据句意可知需用现在完成时 三、过去进行时
现在进行时和过去进行时的区别
【例题精讲】 例1.—Hi. I didn't see you at the party in the company yesterday evening. —Oh, all my family _______ my son's birthday at home. A. celebrated B. have celebrated C. was celebrating D. were celebrating 【答案】D 【解析】根据句意yesterday evening 正在做，故用过去进行时 例2.—Did you see Betty just now? —Yes. She _____ someone, so I nodded to her and went away. A. phoned B. is phoning C. was phoning D. has phoned 【答案】C 【解析】just now为过去时，过去正在做为过去进行时 【知识梳理4】 各种时态的主动被动语态一览表
批注： 1. 不用于被动语态的情况 （1）不及物动词不用于被动语态，如appear, rise, come out, happen, occur, lie, take place等不及物动词不能用于被动语态。 （2）表状态动词不用于被动语态，常见的有：hold, have, cost, contain, become, look like等。 2.主动形式表被动含义 （1）某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。 （2）某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 （3）need, require, want等作行为动词时，“need/want / require +doing”表被动，等同于“need/want / require + to be done”结构。 （4） write, sell, wash和read和副词连用，主动语态表被动意义。 【例题精讲】 例1.You can't use the computer, it____. A. was broken down B. broke down C. is wrong D. has broken down 【答案】D 【解析】现在完成时，表示对现在造成的影响 例2.The apple_________very sweet. A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting 【答案】C 【解析】系动词没有被动 例3.The library needs_______, but it will have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned 【答案】A 【解析】need doing需要做某事，主动表被动 3.主动变被动中的特殊结构
使役动词see, hear, make, let等在主动语态中常跟不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语，但转变成被动语态时，to要还原。 【巧学妙记】 一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, make, have 四看：see, watch, notice, look at 【例题精讲】 例1.The boy________ streets without pay in the old days. A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean 【答案】A 【解析】be made to do sth , 注意被动还原to 例2.These children_________dance. A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to 【答案】A 【解析】be seen to do sth被看到做某事，注意被动还原to 【巩固练习】 1. Leonardo DiCaprio _______ an Oscar for Best Actor for his role in the film The Revenant in January, 2016. A. presents B. has presented C. presented D. was presented 【答案】D 【解析】2016为过去时，根据句意为被动，所以为过去被动 2. I’m glad to know that Nanjing Metro Line 14 _______ next year. A. is built B. was built C. will be built D. Built 【答案】C 【解析】明年将被建，所以为将来被动 3. The April 25 disaster in Nepal is______ (report) to have taken the lives of more than 8,000 people, with more than 16,000 injured. 【答案】 reported 【解析】被动语态 4. Nanjing International Plum Blossom Festival ______ between February and March every year. held B. is held C. was held D. will be held 【答案】B 【解析】every year为一般现在时，被举办，故为一般现在时的被动 5. —It’s said that the project we are looking forward to ______ out in our school this weekend. —Great! I can’t wait to take part in it! A. will be carried B. will carry C. being carried D. carrying 【答案】A 【解析】this weekend为将来时，根据句意可知为被动，故为将来被动 【课堂检测】 一、单项选择 1. —When did the classroom have a power cut? —This morning, while we ______ a physics lesson. A. have had B. were having C. are having D. will have 2. —The film Dangal __ in our city last month and won high praise. —Exactly. I have seen it twice. A. was shown B. will show C. is shown D. has shown 3. —Excuse me，what time does Flight BA 2793leave？ —Just a minute. I_____for you A. check B. checked C. will check D. have checked 4. —Why hasn't Tony come？ —The invitation letter _ to Toby by accident. A. was emailed B. has emailed C. is emailed D. emailed 5.They promised that they me look for my key until it was found. But they soon walked away. A.will help B.have helped C.would help D.had helped 6.The shopping mall ______ for two years, but I ______ there only once. A. has opened; have gone B. has opened; have been C. has been open; have gone D. has been open; have been 7. —You have a nice car. — Thank you. I _____ it for less than one month. A. bought B.have bought C. had D. have had 8. It is reported that about 120 foreign soccer experts______to teach soccer school students. A. invite B. invited C. to be invited D. will be invited 9. My brother______the Indian film Dangal when I phoned him yesterday. A. watches B. has watched C. is watching D. was watching 10. My grandparents ______ for over 60 years and they love each other very much. A. have been married B. got married C. were married D. have got married 1 11. If it ______ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating. A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine 12. —May I speak to the headmaster? —He _____ a meeting now. Can I take a message? A. is having B. had C. has D. will have 13. —Julie, what _____in your hand? —Look! It’s a new iPad for my daughter. A. do you hold B. are you holding C. were you holding D. will you hold 14. —I called you yesterday evening, but you were not in. —sorry, I _____in the shop with my mother. A. am B. will be C. was D. have been 15. —Mr. Li, let’s go fishing this weekend with Lao Wang, shall we? —I’d love to, but nobody knows if he _____ free then. A. will B. is C. will be D. has been 16. —Where is your cousin? —He _____ an English exam now. A. has B. had C. has had D. is having 17. —Have you had your breakfast yet? —Yes. Mom _____it for me. A. was cooking B. is cooking C. will cook D. cooked 18. —Sam, come down stairs, please. I need your help. —Sorry, mum. I _____ on the phone. A. am talking B. talked C. was talking D. have talked 19. If there is any change to the plan, I _____ you as soon as possible. A. told B. have told C. tell D. will tell 20. —Wendy, can you answer the phone for me now? My hands are full. — Sorry, ______. A. I washed the clothes B. I’m washing the clothes C. I was washing the clothes D. I have washed the clothes 21. —Let's discuss the plan, shall we? —Not now. I_____ to an interview. A. go B. went C. am going D. was going 22. There _____ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be 23. —Alice, would you mind not playing the guitar? I on the phone. —Oh, sorry, mom. A. talked B. talk C. was talking D. am talking 24. You _ _ . Don’t talk on the phone. A. will drive B. are driving C. were driving D. have driven 25. —I can’t find David. Where is he? —He _____for tomorrow’s competitions at home. A. prepares B. is preparing C. has prepared D. prepared 【答案】1-5 BACAC; 6-10 DDDDA; 11-15 CABCC;16-20 DDADB; 21-25 CCDBB 二、完形填空 In the early hours of 7 September 1838, one of the worst storms in history was roaring（咆哮）along the coast of England. The lighthouse keeper at a ship. “It will be gone in a few more minutes,” he said sadly. His daughter, Grace Darling, looking from an upstairs window, found the great ship had against the rocks and broken into halves. “Can’t we save them?” Grace asked when she saw the people on the ship. “Isn’t there any way to help them?” “No one can take a lifeboat out in that water,” her father answered. “The waves（浪）are too large.” Grace had great .She simply did not know how to give up. Filled with pity, she ran to the lifeboat quickly. Her father . With tears running down his face, he begged his daughter not to get into the boat, she would not listen. Her father could not let her go alone. He climbed in too. The two of them rowed in a great hurry. Each wave seemed to throw them into the sea at any time. Suddenly there was a terrible roar. The storm had the ship in two. People were holding on to each half tightly（紧紧地）.They had to be saved soon. Grace and her father rowed faster. Soon they reached the ship and began filling the lifeboat with . Then father and daughter brought their lifeboat safely to shore. As news of her brave saving action reached the public, the whole country considered her as a national hero. Grace and her father received the Silver Medal from the British government. To this day a small statue stands above the grave（墓）of Grace Darling. People still respect the young woman who refused to give up. （ ）1.A. looked out B. looked up C. looked around D. looked down （ ）2.A. ran B. knocked C. crashed D. rushed （ ）3.A. worried B. scared C. excited D. mixed （ ）4.A. pride B. attention C. confidence D. courage （ ）5.A. stayed B. pushed C. followed D. returned （ ）6.A. but B. and C. so D. then （ ）7.A. mad B. close C. awful D. ready （ ）8.A. divided B. cut C. lifted D. attacked （ ）9.A. adults B. tourists C. victims D. survivors （ ）10.A. award B. gift C. prize D. reward 【答案】1-5 ACBDC; 6-10 ADBDA 【要点回顾】 六种时态总结
【温故知新】 课后巩固 首字母填空 Putting on a play can be fun. Acting can be like the “let’s pretend and dress-up games children play. Actors pretend（扮演）,for a little while, to be other people. They 1.t to look like and talk as other persons do. Professional（职业的） actors take part in plays and television programs given in large cities. They make their 2.l by acting. But other people act in plays just for fun and are not 3.p for their work. They are high school or college students and adults who are members of “little theatre” groups. In the 4.d , they are students, teachers, doctors, lawyers, or police officers. They are actors 5.o in the evenings or on weekends. The little theater groups has a long history in America. One of the 6.o groups is in Indiana. They are called the Players Club, and they put on eight plays a year. People in the city buy tickets to see the plays. 7.A____ who wants to act may join the Players Club. Before each play, auditions（试演）are held so that people can try 8.o_______for the different parts. Not all members of the group are actors. People are also needed to 9.h_____ with the lighting, clothes and makeup. There are little theater groups in many cities. They continue to put on plays because they bring 10.p____ to a large number of people. People in a little theater group enjoy having the chance to act, and the audience enjoy watching the plays. 【答案】 1.try 2.living 3.paid 4.daytime/day 5.only 6.oldest 7.Anyone/Anybody 8.out 9.help 10.pleasure 预习思考 Three lines of poet Look at the picture! What a beautiful scene! It’s beautiful, isn’t it? Write down your three lines of poet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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