2021年（直击高考）高考英语 语法重难点系列 专题01 with的复合结构
我们把学英语比作为修房子：语法是房子的框架，词汇是房子的砖瓦，高级词汇和句型是房子的装修。在这三者中语法是最基础的部分。学生只有掌握了基本的语法才能灵活运用英语这种语言，只有能活用才会有能力的迁移。以下是按学习内容的难点、重点、考点以及学生的易错点分别做的英语语法系列归纳。其特点是：开门见山直击考点。几乎涵盖了所有的重要考点，这样学生觉得学有所用，最终形成前后穿插、纵横交错、点面结合的立体知识结构图。
一、with的复合结构
本结构在试卷上出现的频率非常高，学好这个结构我们能准确地进行答题、能更好地欣赏句子，同时也能让我们的书面表达出彩。
with复合结构常有以下结构：
1. with + 宾语 + doing
With so many people municating in English now, I find it very necessary to master it.
现在有那么多的人用英语交流，我发现掌握英语很有必要。
2. with + 宾语 + done
With my room cleaned, I went to bed.
房间打扫了我就上床睡觉了。
3. with + 宾语 + to do
This is my first book, with the second to e out next year.
这是我的第一本书，第二本明年出版。
4. with + 宾语 + to be done
This is my first book, with the second to be published next year.
这是我的第一本书，第二本明年出版。
5. with + 宾语 + adj.
a. They left the office in a hurry, with the door open.
他们匆忙离开了办公室，门都开着。
b. He always sleeps with the windows halfopen .
他总是把窗户半开着睡觉。
6. with + 宾语 + adv.
With all the lights on, the city looks more beautiful.
在所有灯光的照耀下，这座城市显得更漂亮。
7. with + 宾语 + prep.-phrase
He came in, with a basket on his back.
他进来了，背上背着一个篮子。
解析：从上面的结构看1) 首先要区分开在什么情况下用分词，什么情况下用不定式：如果表示do动作已发生或者是经常性的就要用分词；如果do动作还没有发生就要用动词不定式。逻辑上的主谓关系用doing/to do,逻辑上的动宾关系用done/to be done.
a. With the boy leading (the way), we found her house very easily.
有那男孩带路，我们很容易到了她的家。
b. With the teacher helping me, I made much progress.
有老师帮我，我取得了很大的进步。
c. With the teacher to help me, I am sure I will also make progress.
有老师帮我，我相信我也能取得进步。
d . With his work finished, he spent his weekend playing football with his friends.
活干完了，他周末就和朋友一起踢足球。
e. With many problems settled, the manager went out for a tour.
许多问题解决了，经理出去玩了一趟。
2) 注意下面句子的区别
a. With many problems to be settled, the manager took more care of his employees.
有许多问题要解决，经理更关心他的职工。
b. With many problems to settle, the manager even couldn’t afford time to have dinner sometimes.
有许多问题要解决，经理有时甚至都抽不出时间吃饭。
c. The teacher said to the students:“With too many language points to be remembered, I am a little worried every day.”
老师对学生说：“有太多的语言点要记，我每天都有点担心”
d. The students said to the teacher:“With too many language points to remember, we are a little worried every day.”
同学们对老师说：“有太多的语言点要记，我们每天都有点担心”
e. With two more letters to write, he has to stop watching TV.
还有两封信要写，他不得不停止看电视。
f. With five windows to be cleaned, the teacher dismissed his class ahead of time for students to do general cleaning.
有五个窗户要擦，老师提前下课了让同学们大扫除。
从上述例句可以看出：主语直接参与do动作用主动式to do,主语不参与do动作就用被动式to be done.
3）with + 宾语 + 介词短语的用法一本二本重本的区别
例如：老师手里拿着书走进教室。→
a. The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.
b. The teacher came in, with a book in his hands.
c. The teacher came in, with books in his hand.
d. The teacher came in, with books in his hands.
在这种结构中，宾语位置上的名词和介词短语中的名词均不能单独出现。（如句中宾语位置上的名词book和介词短语中的名词hand）.如果去掉前面的介词with就成了独立主格结构：
a. The teacher came in, a book in his hand.
b. The teacher came in, a book in his hands.
c. The teacher came in, books in his hand.
d. The teacher came in, books in his hands.
e. The teacher came in, book in hand.
在这种独立主格结构中，要么两个名词均不单独出现，要么两个名词都单独出现，当名词是单数的时候，后者（如：e例句）是人们最常用的。如：
a. The teacher went out, book under arm.
老师夹着书出去了。
b. The soldier stood there, gun in hand.
那个士兵站在那里，拿着一杆。
c. He stood still, basket on back.
他一动不动地站着，背上背着篮子.
d. The actor performed carefully, bowl on head.
演员认真地表演，头上顶着碗。
with + 宾语+ 介词短语这种结构在上述例句中都是作状语，这时可以去掉with换成独立主格。但是如果在句中作定语就不能用独立主格结构。
a. Finally we came to a river with flowers on both sides.
最后我们来到了两岸长着花的一条河边，。
b. I know the girl with a smile on her face.
我认识脸上带着微笑的那个女孩。
c. The playground with trees on every side is very big.
四周都是树的那个操场很大。
活学套用：
1.（xx年湖北卷）71. With ________, some animals are facing the danger of dying out. (cut)
由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险。
2.（xx年湖北卷）74.________(把钥匙握在手上)，he looked for them everywhere.(hold)
3.___e on , please give some ideas about the project.
___Sorry,with so much work ____my mind ,I almost break down.(xx福建高考）
A.filled B.filling C.to fill D. being filled
答案： B
解析：从对话来看，讲的是目前的事，所以首先就确定要用分词而不是动词不定式，C就不可能选。再看so much work 和fill 是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词filling ，D是动宾关系，所以答案只能是B.
4.John received an invitation to dinner ,and with his work _______, he gradually accepted it.(xx安徽高考）
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