学习目标 | 掌握定语从句的概念和运用 |
课前一测： ( ) 1. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where ( ) 2. This is the most beautiful city ______ I’ve ever visited. A. that B. which C. when D. where ( ) 3. Do you still remember the chicken farm ____we visited three months ago? A. where B when C that D what ( ) 4. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______roof is under repair. A whose B which C of which D that ( ) 5. The hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. which we stayed Key: DACAA 知识精讲： 知识点一 【知识梳理】 知识点1：定语从句的定义 在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 知识点二 【知识梳理】 知识点2：定语从句的结构 1）被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系 2）关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如： I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语） 先行词 关系代词 我正在等穿着红外套的那个男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.（宾语） 先行词 关系代词 我上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. （定语） 先行词 关系代词 那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。 That is the house where my father used to live.（状语） 先行词 关系副词 那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。 注意：关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有 “what”；关系副词有where, when, why等。 （1）关系词常有3个作用： ①连接作用，引导定语从句。 ②代替先行词。 ③在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语；关系副词充当状语。 （2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点： ①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. ②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit（them）in China. 知识点三 【知识梳理】 知识点3：用法详解 1．who, whom, that 这些词代替指人，who可作主语或者宾语指人；“whom”指作宾语指人（介词后只能用whom不能用who）；“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。例如： （1）Is he the man who/that wants to see you? （who/that在从句中作主语，不可省） （2）He is the man whom/ who/ that I talked with yesterday. （whom / who/ that在从句中作介词with的宾语，可省） （3）The man to whom you spoke just now is our English teacher. (whom 在从句中作介词to的宾语，to提前则不能用who或that) 2. which 用来指物 (用作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略），例如： （1）I saw the cat that \ which has white hair. （which / that在从句中作主语, 不可省） （2）I like the books which \ that you lent to me yesterday. （which / that在从句中作宾语，可省） 3．whose表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）, 只作定语。 注意：whose = the + n + of which \ whom 例：A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. = A child the parents of whom are dead is called an orphan. 双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。（“whose”表示那个孩子的双亲） He lives in a room whose window faces south. = He lives in a room the window of which faces south. 他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。（“whose”表示那个房子的窗户） 注意：that\which\whom 在从句中作宾语可省；但如果充当介词宾语并且介词提前，则不能用that,只能用whom或者which，并且不可省。 e.g. This is the book (that\ which ) you are looking for . =This is the book for which you are looking. 4. 关系副词when与where、why (1) when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which e.g. I still remember the day when I came to this city . = I still remember the day on which I came to this city. (2) where指地点 = in / at / from which e.g. This is the village where I live . = This is the village in which I live.\ This is the village in which I live. (3) why指原因 = for which e.g. This is the reason why I am late for school. = This is the reason for which I am late for school. 扩展：当先行词为way（方式状语），连接词可用that、in which 或者不用。 I don’t like the way that / in which / × he talks. 当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。 This is the first time （that）I have given you a lesson in French. 【例题精讲】 题型1：关系代词 例1： ( ) Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t. A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who D. 不填; 不填 解析：先行词Women在句中作主语，而且those后面的关系代词也是做主语，应选【C】 例2：( ) We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us ________we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which 解析：按题意先行词them在句中作give sth to sb结构作介词的宾语,应选【B】。 例3：( ) I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction ______ she had come. A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which 解析: 按题意先行词the direction用在come (from) 后构成(from) the direction在句中作方式状语，应填from which。【D】 例4：( ) The man ________ coat is black is waiting at the gate. A. who's B. whose C. that D. of which 解析: 穿黑外套的那个男人正在门口等，按照题意，应该选的关系词可以表达“他的”外套，故选【B】 知识点2：关系副词 例1：( ) This is the house ______ I was born A. which B. when C. that D. where 解析: 先行词the bouse 不能做从句动词born 的宾语，所以排除A、C。又根据句意可知为“这是我出生的房子”，所以选地点副词where, 排除时间状语when. 故选D。 例2：( ) I still remember the day _______ I first met him. A. that B. when C. which D. where 解析：答案为B。 因为宾语从句句子成分不缺乏，可排除A，C，引导词为关系副词做状语，又因为先行词是the day，指时间，故选B。 例3：( ) The reason ________ I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. A. why B. that C. for that D. which 解析：答案为A。The reason why…is to/ is that….已成为一种固定句型. 先行词用the reason，只能用why 引导。 【课堂练习】 ( ) 1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those ( ) 2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one ( ) 3. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one ( ) 4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one ( ) 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that ( ) 6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what ( ) 7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed ( ) 8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether ( ) 9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which ( ) 10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which Keys：1-5 AADBA 6-10 ABCCA 专题精讲 知识点1： 关系代词和关系副词的区分应用 先行词是时间或地点时，如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用that或which. 如果该先行词不作定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用when/ where. 例题1：( ) I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 解析: 【A】 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句. 例题2：( ) -Mom, what did your doctor say? -He advised me to live ______ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 解析: 【D】先行词在句中无法到, 故该句型不属定语从句,应为地点状语从句。本题考察了定语从句与地点状语从句的区别。 二、专题过关 检测题1：关系词填空。 1. The skirt ________ is made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it. 2. Two years has passed, but Chinese people still remember those exciting days ________ they spent during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. 3. They rushed over to help the man __________ car had broken down. 4. I have told you everything ___________ I know about it. 5. Please pass me the book _________ cover is green. 6. -Do you know Yao Ming? -Yes. He’s a basketball player ________ is very famous in the world. 7. The reason _________ I am late is that the traffic is terrible . 8. The farm _________ my parents work is very big. 9. The factory _________ Mr Wang owns locates in the east of the city. 10. Do you remember the day _________ you met Jack in the street? Keys: which\that; which \ that \ 不填; whose ; that ; whose ; who ; why ; where ; that \ which \ 不填;when 检测题2： ( ) 1. The man ____ was a friend of mine. A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to him C. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to ( ) 2.This is the best film ____has been shown this year. A. who B. that C. which D. when ( ) 3. Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. that D. in where ( ) 4. Mr. Li told us the novels and writers ____ interested him A. what B. who C. that D. which ( ) 5. My father still remembers the day ___ he joined the army. A. when B. which C. to which D. from which ( ) 6. I’ll never forget the summer holidays ____ we play together. A. when B. in which C. which D. how ( ) 7. This is the place _____I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which ( ) 8. The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that ( ) 9. I hate people _______ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who ( ) 10.—Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher? —Oh! It’s Mr. Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which Keys：1-5 ABCCA 6-10 ADDDB 当堂一测： ( ) 1. I know the man with _____ you are talking on the phone. A. who B. which C. that D. whom ( ) 2. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which ( ) 3. —Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees? —Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who ( ) 4.上海高考时间2020 Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when ( ) 5. The moon is a world ___there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why ( ) 6. He has forgotten the day ___ he arrived. A. on when B. where C. that D. on which ( ) 7. He still remembers the days ______ he stayed with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. which ( ) 8. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which ( ) 9. He got to the village in _______ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where ( ) 10. This is the house ______ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where ( ) 11. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where ( ) 12. This is the most beautiful city ______ I’ve ever visited. A. that B. which C. when D. where ( ) 13. Do you still remember the chicken farm ____we visited three months ago? A. where B when C that D what ( ) 14. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______roof is under repair. A whose B which C of which D that ( ) 15. The hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside. B. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. which we stayed Keys: 1-5 DADCC 6-10 DACBB 11-15 DACAA 复习精要： 定语从句的概念 先行词与关联词的关系 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose 关系副词：when, where, why 课后巩固： 作业1：完形填空。 Sheepdogs are very important to farmers. Sheepdogs help farmers to find their l and bring them back to the farm. Mike, a farmer from a 2 , has a very clever and honest sheepdog 3 Bobby. He has built a little but 4 house for Bobby and he regards the dog 5 a family member. He often says, "Bobby is the best dog in the world. He works hard and __6my sheep very well.”If the dog house is 7 ,Mike knows Bobby must be with his sheep. Mike 8 with Bobby through whistles（口哨）．Bobby can understand many different instructions from those 9 .And Bobby can also 10 himself by barking or doing other actions. Mike loves Bobby very much. They are getting on well with each other. ( )1.A. villagers B. dogs C. farmers D. sheep ( )2.A. village B. city C. park D. bank ( )3.A. aged B. dressed C. called D. included ( )4.A. comfortable B. expensive C. dangerous D. terrible ( )5.A. by B. on C. of D. as ( )6. A. looks out B. looks after C. takes back D. takes away ( )7. A. full B. clean C. empty D. dirty ( )8.A. communicates B. compares C. catches D. checks ( )9.A. noises B. talks C. whistles D. conversations ( ) plain B. express C. examine D. excuse 【解析】 1.D因为是sheepdogs，所以判断“牧羊犬帮助牧民到他们的羊”。 2.A救民farmer生活在村子里。 3.C“叫做Bobby的教羊犬”， “called”表示“被叫做”。 4.A根据句意知道“小屋虽然小但是很舒服”. 5.D考查短语“as”，“把……看做”。 6.B救羊犬保护羊。look out小心；look after照顾；take back带回来；take away带走。 7.C empty空的，说明Bobby不在，去看护羊了。 8.A Mike通过口哨和牧羊犬交流。 9.C上文有提示，Bobby懂得不同口哨的含义。 10.B Bobby也能通过叫声和动作来袤达自己的意思。 作业2： ( ) 1. After living in Beijing for fifty years she returned to the village___ she grew up. A. which B. where C. that D. when ( ) 2. In the new city there wasn’t a single person____ the poor boy could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom ( ) 3. We visited a factory____ makes bikes for children. A. where B. which C. in which D. at which ( ) 4. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone the family______ was poor. A. of whom B. whom C. whose D. that ( ) 5. A child ___parents are dead is called an orphan. A. who B. his C. whose D. of whom Keys：1-5 BDBAC 预习思考 | |
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