高考英语语法专项突破：代词和数词
代词和数词
【考点分析】
代词
2015高考时间 1.人称代词主格与宾格的用法;
2.名词性和形容词性物主代词的用法;
3.反身代词的用法;
4.指示代词this, that, these, those的用法;
5.表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较;
6.some,any的用法辨析;
7.each, every的用法辨析;
8.(a) little,(a)few,a bit的用法辨析;
9.替代词it, that, (the) one(s), those的用法辨析;
10.another, (the) other(s), else; the rest的用法辨析;
11.every-,some-,any-,no-与thing,-one,-body构成的复合不定代词的用法。
数词
1.基数词的确指和不确指;
2.数词与主谓一致关系;
3.dozen和score的用法;
4.序数词与冠词的连用。
【知识点归纳】
(一)代词
代词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，也是考生容易出错的项目，因为代词具有较大灵活性。考生在做代词选择填空时最容易犯的错误是1)机械地套用语法规则;2)用汉语思维去分析题意。从高考考查情况看，高考考查最多的是不定代词，因为不定代词是整个代词中最为活跃的部分，其次是名词性物主代词和反身代词。
I.代词的分类
单数 | 复数 | ||||||
第一 人称 | 第二 人称 | 第三 人称 | 第一 人称 | 第二 人称 | 第三 人称 | ||
人称代词 | 主格 | I | you | he she it | we | you | they |
宾格 | me | you | him her it | us | You | them | |
物主代词 | 形容 词性 | my | your | his her its | our | your | their |
名词性 | mine | yours | his hers its | ours | yours | theirs | |
反身代词 | myself | yourself | himself herself itself | ourselves | yourselves | themselves | |
指示代词 | this that such | these those such | |||||
相互代词 | 宾格 | each otherone another | |||||
所有格 | each othersone anothers | ||||||
不定代词 | 可数 | one each, many,(a) few ,both, another, either., neither | |||||
不可数 | much, (a) little | ||||||
可数不可数 | any other all some | ||||||
复合 不定代词 | anyone anybody anything somebody something someone everyone everythingeverybodynobodynothing | ||||||
疑问代词 | who whom whose which what | ||||||
连接代词 | who whom whose which what（参见专题八） | ||||||
关系代词 | who whom whose which that（参见专题八） | ||||||
II.代词的用法
1.人称代词
①在句中作主语,用主格，在句中作宾语,则用宾格;
She teaches them physics.
②在句中作表语,常用宾格;
Who is it? Its me.
但有时要用主格：It was I who told him the whole story.
在强调句型中,强调的是主语,故I用主格。
③两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时,其顺序是：
单数按2,3,1人称排列，复数按1,2,3人称顺序排列。
you, she and I ; we, you and they
2.物主代词
①形容词性物主代词只能作宾语
We love our motherland.
②名词性物主代词可用作主语,表语和宾语
Your coat is black while mine is red.
3.反身代词
①用作宾语、表语，或主语、宾语的同位语
He teaches himself Japanese every evening.(宾语)
She is not quite herself today.她今天身体不太舒服。(表语)
I myself can repair the bike.(主语的同位语)
②常用含有反身代词的惯用语归纳
by oneself= alone 独自 for oneself独立、为自己
be oneself处于正常状态,显得自然 enjoy oneself玩得愉快
seat oneself坐下 dress oneself in 给自己穿
devote oneself to专心于、献身于 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客气
come to oneself苏醒 make oneself at home 不要客气
4.指示代词
①this和that是近指, that和those 是远指
I dont want this book. I want that one.
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