专题限时检测(二十二) 阅读理解C篇高分练(三)
(共3篇，限时24分钟)
A
(2019·南通七市模拟)Australian magpies can understand what other birds are saying to each other, a new study has found.
The research, published in the journal Animal Behaviour, says the magpie has learned the meanings of different noisy miner calls and essentially eavesdrops (偷听) to find out which predators (食肉动物) are near.
Noisy miners — a small, native honeyeater — have different warning calls for groundbased and aerial (飞行的) predators. By playing both kinds of recording to a series of wild magpies, researchers observed the magpies raising their beaks (喙) to the sky, or dropping their heads to the ground.
Researchers attracted the magpies with cheese, then played the noisy miner calls, videotaping the results.
As a control, they also rolled a large orange ball towards the magpies to see how they ordinarily tilted (倾斜) their beaks to ground threats, and threw the ball to see how they reacted to aerial threats.
The researchers recorded an average maximum beak angle of 29 degrees for the thrown ball, and an average maximum of nine degrees when it was rolled.
The miners' aerial warning caused an average maximum beak angle of 31 degrees, and the ground warning caused an average maximum of 24.
One of the study's authors, Dominique Potvin, said the magpies showed an astonishing level of insight.
Magpies and miners broadly face the same types of predators and the two frequently live in the same ecosystem.
Potvin said this had encouraged the magpies' learned behaviour.
“Magpies are generally found on the ground and noisy miners are generally found up in trees. It pays for the magpie to pay attention to somebody who has a better view of predators than they do.”
She said it was unclear whether other birds could do the same, but it was highly likely other magpies around Australia already did.
“Magpies are a pretty smart group. We're not sure if they're learning this from other magpies or if they're figuring it out on their own, but the ability is there.”
As part of the experiment, researchers also played a third call: a common, nonwarning call from a crimson rosella. They found the magpies did not respond.
Potvin said that we had been actively exploring animal cognition (认知) research.“It's a good piece of the puzzle，” Potvin said.“Looking at the social relationships between species that live in communities.”
语篇解读：一项研究发现，澳大利亚喜鹊能理解其他鸟类的交谈。而关于动物的认知能力还有待于人类进一步的探索。
1．What have the researchers found about Australian magpies?
A．They can understand other bird calls.
B．They can communicate with noisy miners.
C．They have a special preference for cheeses.
D．They have the ability to warn the predators.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the magpie has learned the meanings of different noisy minercalls”可知，喜鹊能理解其他鸟类的叫声。
2．How did the researchers get their findings?
A．By calculating the beak angles of aerial and ground predators.
B．By comparing the magpie and the miner responses to threats.
C．By monitoring the magpie responses to the miner warning calls.
D．By recording the magpie louder scream for other birds' attention.
解析：选C 细节理解题。第四至七段中，研究人员通过定量研究，先研究喜鹊平时的喙是怎么倾斜的，再与掘穴鸟有叫声时候的反应进行监控、对比，获得了研究结果。
3．The magpies' cognition can help them ________.
A．have a better view of the predators than the miners
B．better protect themselves from the potential threats
C．cooperate with other birds to drive away the predators
D．live in harmony with other birds in the same ecosystem
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据倒数第五段第二句“It pays for the magpie to pay attentio
n to somebody who has a better view of predators than they do.”可知，喜鹊关注能够更好地观察捕食者的掘穴鸟有利于保护自身的安全。所以喜鹊的认知能力能更好地保护自己免受潜在威胁。
2016江苏高考4．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．the magpies are smart learners of other birds' behaviour
B．it's likely that other birds have developed the same ability
C．the findings have clarified the relationships between species
D．a lot more remains to be explored about animal cognition
解析：选D 推理判断题。 根据最后一段的内容，尤其是第一句“we had been actively exploring animal cognition (认知) research.‘It's a good piece of the puzzle’”可知人类一直都在探索动物的认知能力，这是一个很好的未知。由此可见关于动物的认知能力至今还是一个谜，仍然需要进一步探索。
B
(2019·苏、锡、常、镇模拟)Alarming headlines suggest one in four teenage girls in the UK are selfharming, motivated by sex discrimination and pressures to look good in a selfie (自拍) society. These stories come from a report by UK charity The Children's Society, based on an ongoing survey of 11,000 children aged 14. Among the girls, 22 per cent said they had selfharmed while boys 9 per cent.
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