2022年考研考博-考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析...
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Weapons of mass destruction must be strictly forbidden. Otherwise, if a nuclear war started, it would be the cataclysm for all humankind.
问题1选项
A.termination
B.destruction
C.devastation
D.calamity
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。横线单词cataclysm意为“灾难；大洪水，地震；（社会政治的）大变动”；A选项“termination”意为“结束，终止”；B选项“destruction”意为“破坏，毁灭；摧毁”；C选项“devastation”意为“毁坏，荒废”；D选项“calamity”意为“灾难；不幸事件”。句意：必须严格禁止大规模毁灭性武器。否则，一旦核战争爆发，将是全人类的大灾难。由题干可知，if a nuclear war started（一旦核战争爆发）对全人类而言肯定是一场灾难。由此可知，cataclysm在此处最可能是“灾难”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。
2.
单选题
Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for top-flight staff travel and television commercials.
问题1选项
A.dubiously
B.potently
C.profusely
D.candidly
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词辨析。横线单词lavishly意为“丰富地；浪费地；大方地”；A选项“dubiously”意为“怀疑地；可疑地”；B选项“potently”意为“有说服力地；强有力地；有效力地”；C选项“profusely”意为“丰富地；不吝惜地；大量地”；D选项“candidly”意为“坦白地；率直地；直率而诚恳地”。句意：此外，竞选活动本身得到了慷慨的资助，有足够的钱用于一流的工作人员旅行和电视广告。由题干可知，with plenty of money（有足够的钱）说明financed（资助）肯定是充足的，或者数量巨大的。由此可知，lavishly在此处最可能是“大方地”的意思。因此C选项符合题意。
3.
单选题
（ ）I’ll marry him all the same.
问题1选项
A.Was he rich or poor
B.Whether rich or poor
C.Were he rich or poor
D.Be he rich or poor
【答案】D
【解析】语法题——考查虚拟语气。D选项这是省略whether后的让步状语从句 ，从句用了省略should虚拟语气，省略whether后，句子要倒装，原句等于 whether he (should）be rich ，谓语动词提前时要用从句谓语原形动词即be，排除A、C项；而B选项省略错误，逻辑主语发生了变化。句意：不管他是穷是富，我都要嫁给他。因此D选项正确。
4.
单选题
The severity of adjustment problems experienced in a second culture depends on the individual’s ability to adapt to new situations.
问题1选项
A.excitement
B.intensity
C.solutions
D.importance
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。severity“严重性；严格；猛烈”；A选项excitement“兴奋；刺激；
令人新奇的事物”；B选项intensity“强度；强烈；紧张”；C选项solutions“解决方案；应对措施；溶液剂”；D选项importance“价值；重要；重大”。句意：在第二种文化中经历的适应问题的严重程度取决于个人适应新情况的能力。题干指出“adjustment problems experienced in a second culture在第二种文化中所经历的适应问题”，可推知severity在这里是“严重性”的意思，因此B选项正确。
5.
单选题
问题1选项
A.marine products
西安为什么会爆发出血热B.dairy products
C.industrial products
D.avian products
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。横线单词poultry意为“家禽；家禽肉”；A选项“marine products”意为“海产品；水产及制品”；B选项“dairy products”意为“乳制品，奶制品；乳酪产品”；C选项“industrial products”意为“工业产品”；D选项“avian products”意为“禽类产品”。句意：据报道，美国宾夕法尼亚州最近爆发的禽流感促使中国禁止从该州进口家禽。由题干可知，the latest outbreak of the bird flu（最近爆发的禽流感）肯定和家禽相关。所以中国禁止进口的应该是家禽。由此可知，poultry在此处最可能是“家禽”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。
6.
单选题
These two firms are so big and powerful that they monopolize between them the production and sale of cigarettes in this country.
问题1选项
A.govern
B.influence
C.supervise
D.dominate
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词辨析。横线单词monopolize意为“垄断；独占；拥有……的专卖权”；A选项“govern”意为“管理；支配；统治；控制”；B选项“influence”意为“影响；改变；支配”；C选项“supervise”意为“监督；管理；指导；主管”；D选项“dominate”意为“控制；支配；占优势；在……中占主要地位”。句意：这两家公司势力巨大，垄断了这个国家香烟的生产和销售。由题干可知，These two firms are so big and powerful（两家公司势力巨大）所以可推测出这两家公司在这个国家的香烟生产和销售中占据主导地位。由此可知，monopolize在此处最可能是“垄断”的意思，四个选项中dominate具有“在……中占主要地位”的意思，与此相近。因此D选项符合题意。
7.
翻译题
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese on the Answer Sheet.
We cannot accept the growing threat posed by climate change, which could forever damage the world that we pass on to our children, sowing conflict and famine, destroying coastlines and emptying cities. And that’s why all nations must now accept their share of responsibility for transforming the way that we use energy.
We can’t accept a world in which more people are denied opportunity and dignity that all people yearn for: the ability to get an education and make a decent living, the security that you won’t have to live in fear of disease or violence without hope for the future.
I know these challenges can be met, so long as it’s recognized that they will not be met by one person or one nation alone. This award is not simply about the efforts of my administration; it’s about the courageous efforts of people around the world. 
【答案】我们不能接受气候变化造成的日益严重的威胁，那可能会永久性地损害我们传给子孙后代的这个世界。我们不能播下冲突和饥荒的种子，摧毁海岸线，使城市萧条。这就是为什么我们所有国家现在必须承担各自的责任，改变我们使用能源的方式。
我们不能接受一个更多人被剥夺机会和尊严的世界，这种人人渴望的机会和尊严就是：能够接受教育，能够过上体面的生活，有安全感，即你不必在疾病或者暴力恐怖的担忧中没有希望地生活。
我知道这些挑战是可以应对的，只要人们认识到这些挑战不会由一个人或一个国家单独应对。这个奖项不仅仅是我政府的努力，而是全世界人民的勇敢努力。
8.
翻译题
Directions: Translate the following passage into English on your ANSWER SHEET.
你可能有很高的学术才智，但缺乏社会能力，即虚心听取意见、热忱待人、批评与接受批
评的能力。社会能力强的人能够承认自己的错误，勇于承担责任并继续努力。他们知道如何取得集体的支持。而人际关系差的人不太善于接受批评。遇到错误，首先想到的是自己，拒绝承认自己有错，喜怒无常或暴跳如雷。 
【答案】You may have great academic talent, but you lack social skills, which refers to the ability to listen to ideas with an open mind, cordially treat people and accept criticism. People with strong social skills are able to admit their mistakes, accept responsibility bravely, and continue to work hard. They know how to get collective support. And people with poor relationships are less receptive to criticism. When they make mistakes, they always think of themselves first and refuse to admit that they are wrong, being moody or furious.

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