英语不规则动词变化规律
不规则动词的变化规律
时态是中学阶段的重点,也是难点,而与其息息相关的动词(尤其是不规则动词)的过去式、过去分词的变化散乱难记,令人头疼。可仔细琢磨就不难发现它们的变化有一定的规律可循。现将初中常见的93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下:
一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)
cost—cost—cost cut—cut—cut hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt let—let— let put—put—put read—read—read set—set—set shut—shut—shut
二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个)
1 过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought3个)
bring—brought—brought buy— bought—bought think—thought— thought
find的过去式2 词尾有-ild-end时,只需把d变为t4个)
build—built—built lend—lent— lent send—sent—sent spend—spent— spent
3.过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught2个)
catch—caught—caught teach—taught—taught
4.把-eep变为-ept3个)
keep—kept—kept sleep—slept—slept sweep— swept—swept
5-ell变为-old2个)
tell—told—told sell—sold—sold
6.过去式、过去分词都含有-elt-ilt4个)
smell—smelt—smelt spell—spelt—spelt feel—felt— felt spill—spilt—spilt
7.过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t3个)
learn—learnt—learnt mean—meant—meant spoil—spoilt—spoilt
8.过去式、过去分词词尾是d4个)
say—said—said pay—paid—paid lay—laid—laid hear—heard—heard
9.改变元音字母。11个)
meet—met—met get—got—got sit—sat—sat find— found—found hold—held—held spit—spat—spat shine— shone—shone win—won—won hang—hung—hung dig— dug—dug lose—lost—lost
10.改变辅音字母。(1个)
make—made—made
11 改变元、辅音字母。(4个)
leave—left—left stand—stood—stood havehas— had—had understand—understood—understood
三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个)
1 i—a—u变化。6个)
begin—began—begun drink—drank—drunk sing— sang—sung ring—rang—rung swim—swam—swum sink— sank—sunk
2 词尾为-ow-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)
blow—blew—blown draw—drew—drawn grow— grew—grown know—knew—known throw—threw—thrownshow除外)
3 词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为dt,须双写dt后加n。(4个)(givehide除外)
drive—drove—driven write—wrote—written ride— rode—ridden rise—rose—risen
4 过去分词在过去式后加(en。(5个)
break—broke—broken choose—chose—chosen freeze—froze—frozen speak—spoke—spoken wake—woke— woken
5 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个)
forget—forgot—forgotten
6 过去分词由原形加(en构成。(6个)
be—waswere—been eat—ate—eaten fall—fell—fallen give—gave—given see—saw—seen hide—hid—hiddenhid
7 词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)
take—took—taken mistake—mistook—mistaken
8 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)
do—did—done fly—flew—flown go—went—gone lie—lay—lain show—showed—shown wear—wore—worn
四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。1个)
beat—beat—beaten
五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。3个)
come—came—come become—became—become run— ran—run
六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。4个)
can—could may—might will—would shall—should
文中6个动词的过去式和过去分词,还有一种规则变化形式。

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