动词的过去式、三单形式、现在分词的构成规则动词的现在分词形式
动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则
1、一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed ,如:
work ---worked工作play---played 玩耍5----wanted 想要act----acted 扮演
2、以不发音的-e 结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如:
live---lived居住move----moved移动taste---tasted品尝hope---hoped 希望
3、以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:study---studied学习copy---copied 复制cry---cried 哭喊carry---carried 携带
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop ---stopped 停止
5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go –went 去make –made制造get –got到达buy –bought购买come - came 来到fly-flew 飞
不规则动词的过去式的构成
1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:
begin—began开始,drink—drank喝,,give—gave付出给,ring—rang包围,
sing—sang唱,sit—sat坐,swim—swam游泳
2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:drive—drove驾驶,ride—rode骑,write—wrote 写
3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:draw—drew画,grow—grew生长,know—knew知道,throw —threw仍(动词show除外,show—showed展示)
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:get—got得到,forget—forgot 忘记
5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如:feed—fed送给,meet—met遇见
6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:keep—kept保持,sleep—slept睡觉,sweep—swept 打扫
7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:break—broke打破,speak—spoke 说话
8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:sell—sold 卖,tell—told 告诉
9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:stand—stood 站立,understand—understood 明白
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔:t〕的过去式。如:bring—brought拿来,buy—bought买,think—thought想,
catch—caught捕捉,teach—taught 教
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:can—could能,shall—should应该,will—would 将要12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如:come—came来,become—became成为
13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕听,say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕说,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕想要
14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:
let—let阻碍,must—must必须,put—put放置,read—read 〔red〕阅读
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am,is—was是,are—were是,build—built建立,do—did 做,eat—ate吃,fall—fell砍伐,feel—felt
感觉,find—found 到,fly—flew飞,go—went去,have /has—had有,hold—held保持,leave—left离开,make—made制造,may—might可能,run—ran跑,see—saw看,take—took 拿走
过去式“-ed”的发音规则
(1)动词词尾为“t,d”时,发/ id /音,
want →wanted (要)need →needed (需要)
(2)动词词尾为清辅音时,发/ t / 音。
help →helped (帮助)laugh →laughed (笑)look →looked (看)
kiss →kissed (吻)wash →washed (洗)watch →watched (注视)
(3)动词词尾为t,d以外之浊辅音或元音时,发/ d /音。call →called (叫)stay→stayed (停留)cry→cried (哭)work ------ working
talk的过去式sleep ------ sleeping
cook ------- cooking
动词现在分词构成规则
一.直接在动词后面加-ing
1. do-doing 做
2. stand-standing 站
3. sleep-sleeping 睡觉
4. eat-eating 吃
5. sing-singing 唱
6. drink-drinking 喝
7. read-reading 读
8. look-looking 看
9. walk-walking 散步10. watch-watching 看11. draw-drawing 画12. fly-flying 飞
13. open-opening 打开14. jump-jumping 跳15. do-doing 做16. paint-painting 绘画
17. pick-picking 捡18. play-playing 玩19. garden-gardening 做园艺工作
20. talk-talking 说话21. cook-cooking 烹饪22. see-seeing
看见23. learn-earning 学习24. catch-catching 抓住
25. climb-climbing 爬26. count-counting 数数
27. clean-cleaning 打扫28. fish-fishing 钓鱼
二.动词变现在分词
以不发音的e 结尾的去e 加-ing
1. come –coming 来
2. dance - dancing 跳舞
3. close - closing 关
4. make –making 制造
5. ride –riding 骑
6. write - writing 写
7. take - taking 拿走
8. phone - phon第一文库网ing 打电话9.dance-dancing跳舞9. move –moving 移动搬
10. have –having 有11.leave-leaving 12.wake-waking
三.动词变现在分词
重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ing
1. sit- sitting 做
2. hop - hopping 单脚跳
3. swim- swimming 游泳
4. run - running 跑
5. cut –cutting 切 6 . put –putting 放7.get-getting 得到8.shop-shopping 购物9.skip-skipping 跳绳10.begin-beginning 开始
11.forget-forgetting 忘记12.stop-stopping 停止13.travel-travelling 旅行
动词原形变第三人称单数的规则
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。如:
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