医学考博英语 健康类作文话题的英文表达
实用表达1. lead a healthy lifestyle 保持健康的生活方式
扩展短语
do more physical activities 从事更多的体力活动
lead an active lifestyle 泛指在生活中经常运动、健身、从事户外活动等
… is a good way to stay healthy …是一种保持健康的好办法
maintain good health 保持身体健康
improve their health and well-being  增进健康和幸福感
reduce the risk of heart disease and high blood pressure 减少患心脏病和高血压的风险【BBC例句】Brisk walking(健走,近年来在英美国家非常流行的健身方式)is a good way to stay healthy.
【BBC例句】Parents should encourage their children to do more physical activities.
注意:do more physical activities 可不是“中式英语”,而是NHS(英国的国家医疗体系)向英国人民重点推荐的健康生活方式。
当代英语国家的生活健康准则
exercise regularly 经常锻炼身体
walk or cycle regularly 经常步行或者骑自行车
have a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食结构
keep a regular sleep schedule 保持有规律的睡眠时间
achieve a work-life balance 实现工作和生活之间的平衡
eat more fruit and vegetables 多吃蔬菜和水果
【BBC例句】People in England eat more fruit and vegetables and less salt and fat.
实用表达2. Lead an unhealthy lifestyle 过着不健康的生活
扩展短语
a sedentary lifestyle 缺乏运动的生活方式(反义:an active lifestyle)
have an unhealthy diet 饮食结构不健康
damage their health 损害他们的健康
cause health problems 导致健康问题
are over weight 超重
increase the risk of heart disease and high blood pressure 导致患心脏病和高血压的风险上升
【BBC例句】People who lead a sedentary lifestyle are at greater risk of developing diabetes. 医博英语考试里最常提及的六种疾病
heart disease 心脏病
high blood pressure 高血压
diabetes 糖尿病
obesity 肥胖症
asthma 哮喘
lung cancer 肺癌
实用表达3. home-cooked food 家里做的饭菜
扩展短语
have a healthy and balanced diet 保持健康、均衡的饮食结构
fresh food 新鲜的食品
…is more nutritious …是更有营养的
大家要注意辨别词性。Nutrition 是名词“营养”,nutritious 是形容词“有营养的”。
实用表达4. fast food 快餐
扩展短语
high-fat food 高脂肪的食物
contain too much fat 含脂肪量过多
high-sugar food 含糖量高的食品
contain too much sugar 含糖量过多
lead a fast-paced lifestyle (城市里的人们)过着快节奏的生活
frozen food 冷冻食品
sugary drinks 含糖量很高的饮料
pose health risks 构成健康方面的风险
注意:在pose health risks 的后面还可以写明对哪类人构成健康风险,例如:
pose health risks to consumers;
pose health risks to children等。
实用表达5. outdoor sports 户外运动
大家注意有一条规律,表示“从事” 户外运动,动词用do或者play,表示“参加” 户外运动,动词用take part in 或者participate in。
短语拓展(如何表达运动的好处)
increase strength, speed and balance 提高力量、速度和平衡能力
improve memory and concentration 提高记忆力和注意力
feel energetic 感到精力充沛的
develop strong willpower 形成顽强的意志力
build self-confidence 树立自信
reduce stress and anxiety 减轻压力和焦虑
improve their health and well-being 增进健康和幸福感
improve hand-eye coordination 增强手眼协调能力
take part in team sports 参加团队运动
participate in team sports 参加团队运动
develop their teamwork skills 发展他们的团队合作能力
give them a sense of achievement 带给他们一种成就感
【BBC例句】Sport provides fun and a sense of achievement.
实用表达6. promote healthy lifestyles (政府、媒体等)推广健康的生活方式
扩展短语
encourage people to exercise regularly 鼓励人们去经常锻炼身体
improve public health 增进公众的健康
regulate fast food advertising 对快餐广告进行严格的监管
encourage people to make healthy food choices 鼓励人们去选择健康的食品
raise people’s health awareness 提高人们的健康意识(注意:这个短语里不能用healthy)实用表达7. improve healthcare services 改善医疗服务
扩展短语
healthcare workers 医疗工作者,例如doctors and nurses
medical technology 医疗科技
improve the healthcare system 改善医疗体系
medical treatment 医学
实用表达8. population aging(美式拼写)人口的老龄化
扩展短语
retired people 退休的老人
rising life expectancy 上升的人口预期寿命
注意:retired people(退休的老人)的反义短语是working adults (还在工作的成年人)。大家注意:retire 是动词,retirement 是名词,retired 是形容词。
【经济学人例句】These measures are not unreasonable because of Australia’s rising life expectancy.
人口老龄化带来的问题
cause labor shortages (人口老龄化、低出生率)导致劳动力的短缺
put pressure on the healthcare system 对医疗体系构成压力
increase the burden on taxpayers 加重纳税人的负担
人口老龄化的解决办法
save money for retirement (个人)为退休养老存钱
retire later (个人)更晚退休
raise the retirement age (政府)提高法定退休年龄
encourage immigration (政府)鼓励其他国家的人向本国移民
实用表达9. cause stress and anxiety 导致压力和焦虑
扩展短语
damage their emotion health 对他们的心理健康有害
improve their emotional health 增加他们的心理健康
… is a good way to reduce stress and anxiety …… 是一种减轻压力和焦虑的好方法
cause frustration 导致挫败感
… is a good way to relieve stress and anxiety …… 是一种减轻压力和焦虑的好方法
注意:很多考生但凡写到“心理的” 必用psychological 那个大词,而且很多人经常会拼错。其实,在真实的英美生活里,更简洁的emotional 更常用。
【BBC例句】The report measures happiness in everything from family life to physical(身体的)and emotional health.
healthylifestyle实用表达10. lead a stressful lifestyle 在生活中压力很大
扩展短语
… are under great pressure with their studies 在学业中承受着很大的压力
work long hours 长时间地工作
often work overtime 经常加班
cannot achieve a work-life balance 不能再工作与生活之间获得平衡
academic stress 学业上的压力
work-related stress 和工作有关的压力
have little time for leisure 很少有时间从事休闲活动
注意:有个细节请大家注意,pressure 这个单词里面没有字母a,经常发现有同学拼错。另外,按照英美习惯,动词短语work long hours 里面可以不用介词for。
face tough competition for jobs (求职者)面对激烈的就业竞争
face tough competition for promotion (员工)面对激烈的升职竞争
face tough competition for business (企业)面对激烈的商业竞争
注意:以上三个短语里的tough 也可以换成keen,也是非常地道的英文。
实用表达11. have a strong sense of belonging 有一种很强的归属感
扩展短语
develop good relationships with their neighbors 搞好邻里关系
lack a sense of belonging 缺乏归属感
do not even know their neighbors 甚至不认识他们的邻居
feel lonely and unhappy 感到孤独而且很不开心
develop a strong sense of belonging 形成一种很强的归属感
build a strong sense of community 建设很强的社区感
lack a sense of community (生活在城市里的人们)缺乏社区感
feel homesick 思乡的;思念亲人的
feel lonely and isolated 感到孤独而且被孤立
注意:在地道英文里,a sense of pride 并不是骄傲的意思,而是“荣誉感”。“develop a sense of pride in … ” 的意思就是“形成对……的荣誉感”
develop a sense of pride in their school 形成对学校的荣誉感
develop a sense of pride in their hospital 形成对医院的荣誉感
develop a sense of pride in their country 形成对祖国的荣誉感
boost national pride 提升公众的民族自豪感
inspire people (名人的成功经历、太空探索、新的科学发现等)鼓舞人们,激励人们实用表达12. spend too much time online 花太多时间上网
扩展短语
cause health problems 导致健康问题
damage their health 破坏健康
harm their eyesight 损害他们的视力
spend too much time in front of a computer screen 用电脑时间过长
spend too much time in front of a television screen 看电视时间过长
注意:在英美还专门有一个名词短语screen time(盯着电子屏幕的时间),人们用来看电视、使用电脑或者打电子游戏的时间都可以称为screen time,而limit their children’s screen time 也成了很多家长的重要责任。
【Telegraph 例句】David Cameron(卡梅伦,前英国首相)encouraged parents to limit their children’s screen time.
不健康的生活习惯
1)过度依赖于……
rely too much on fast food 过度依赖快餐
rely too much on the internet 过度依赖网络
rely too much on cars 过度依赖汽车
注意:如果大家要写“严重地依赖于……”,则可以写成rely heavily on。
2)对……上瘾
are addicted to junk food 对垃圾食品上瘾
are addicted to media violence 对媒体里面的暴力内容上瘾
are addicted to social networking websites 对社交网站上瘾

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