Unit 11 How to Stay Healthy?
1.
1. i
2. a
3. h
4. j
5. d
6. b
7. g
8. c
9. e
10. f
2.
1. immune system
2. obesity
3. infection
4. chronic
5. Lean
6. aerobic exercise
7. stroll
8. stretches
9. inflammation
10. nutrition
3.
Key:
1.By healthy lifestyle and diet choices.
2.Plant pigments, calcium, B vitamins, flavonoids, etc.
3.Open-ended.
Script:
From the minute we’re born, we’re aging.
Constant exposure to our environment, the things we eat, and stresses from both inside and outside our bodies all cause us to age over time.
Aging is highly complex, but scientists are starting to understand what happens at the cellular and molecular levels.
For example, healthy cells are damaged over time when our immune systems shift from reacting to short-term problems like injuries and infections, to gradually producing chronic inflammation throughout the body.
Time also gradually shortens the telomeres that act as protective caps for our DNA-containing chromosomes.
These and other changes make our bodies less and less able to deal with stresses from inside and outside of our body, so when damage reaches a critical level, our cells, tissues, and organs may no longer perform normally and our health starts to decline.
The changes associated with aging start to happen on some level at day one.
We begin to experience their effects early in life.
For example, we lose the ability to hear certain high-frequency sounds as teenagers, our cognition and memory slowly decline after they peak in our mid-20s, the strength of our bones starts to decrease in o
ur 30s, female fertility sharply declines after 35, age-related near-sightedness begins in our mid-40s, and our hair starts to gray and thin as early as our 30s and 40s.
After the age of 50, the changes of aging become increasingly noticeable, and because aging is the biggest risk factor for most of the diseases that affect us as adults, the older we get, the higher our risk of chronic disease becomes.
While scientists have not yet found a way to stop these processes of aging, they are learning more and more about how to maintain health throughout our lives.
Some aspects of aging are out of our control—like our genetics and our family history—but
we can educate ourselves about moderate risk factors and do our best to reduce them through healthy lifestyle and diet choices.
Most of us can be healthy and active well into our later years, if we take care of ourselves. It’s no surprise that regular physical activity can help maintain a healthy weight, improve moods and sleep habits, and boost overall health.
And it’s clear that a well-balanced diet full of nutritious foods, is critical to good health.
But when it comes to understanding which foods are the best choices, much nutrition research has focused on how certain foods or nutrients may have a negative effect on health, or even play a role in disease development.
More recently, scientists have begun to explore and understand how nutrition may play a role in promoting healthy aging throughout of all life’s stages.
We are rapidly learning about what foods and nutrients should be emphasized in our diets, and how they can enhance our health.
Diets full of fruits and veggies, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and lean meats, have proven health benefits like lowering blood pressure, improving glucose control in diabetes, weight loss, improving arthritis, and reducing the risk of cancer and cardiovascular events, to name a few.
And we are learning more about the specific nutrients that can impact health.
For example, plant pigments found in bright orange and red fruits and vegetables may prevent and slow the progression of eye diseases.
Calcium helps to keep bones strong.
B vitamins play a role in maintaining brain health.
And flavonoids from many plants may improve the health of our cardiovascular systems. The bottom line is that you have the power to maintain and improve your health, add vitality to your years, and reduce your risk of disease.
And it’s never too late to make a change.
Pretest
Key:
1.opinion
2.fact
3.opinion
4.fact
healthylifestyle5.opinion
Script:
1. People who had none of these habits were far more likely to die prematurely from cancer or cardiovascular disease.
2. Study investigators also calculated life expectancy by how many of these five healthy habits people had.
3. This is one of those situations where I wish I could reprint their graphs for you, because they’re so cool.
4. A comprehensive analysis of the impact of adopting low-risk lifestyle on life expectancy in the U.S. population is lacking.
5. Prevention should be a top priority for national health policy, and preventive care should be an indispensable part of the national healthcare system.
Practice
1.
Key：
1. A healthy lifestyle is a valuable resource for reducing the incidence and impact of
health problems, for recovery, for coping with life stressors, and for improving quality of life. (Opinion)
2.There is a growing body of scientific evidence that shows our lifestyles play a huge
part in how healthy we are. (Fact)
3.Conditions such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, joint disease, and mental illness
are responsible for a vast number of deaths and disabilities. (Fact)
4.Currently, we rely almost exclusively on the provision of clinical care by highly
trained health professionals as our major strategy to deal with these conditions.
(Opinion)
5. A healthy lifestyle is absolutely vital. Here is a real simple solution—slowly
improve your lifestyle in a step-by-step way. (Opinion)
Script：
A healthy lifestyle is a valuable resource for reducing the incidence and impact of health problems, for recovery, for coping with life stressors, and for improving quality of life. There is a growing body of scientific evidence that shows our lifestyles play a huge part in how healthy we are. From what we eat and drink, to how much exercise we take, and whether we smoke or not, all will affect our health, not only in terms of life expectancy, but how long we can expect to live without experiencing chronic disease.
Conditions such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, joint disease, and mental illness are responsible for a vast number of deaths and disabilities. Currently, we rely almost exclusively on the provision of clinical care by highly trained health professionals as our major strategy to deal with these conditions. Many health problems can be prevented or at least their occurrence postponed by having a healthy lifestyle.
It is so important to make “keeping healthy” a part of our day-to-day living habits. Your health depends on what you do throughout the day. A healthy lifestyle is absolutely vital. Here is a real simple solution—slowly improve your lifestyle in a step-by-step way. If you take one new health step every two months, for example, in two to three years you will be among the healthiest ten percent of people in the Western world. And you will see and feel the benefits. Whatever your age, fitness level, or body shape, it’s never too soon or too late to start thinking about living healthily. You can take a step toward healthy living by making one change now to your daily life. That won’t be so hard, will it?
2.
Key:
1. For good health, adults should get at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity five days per week or more.
2. For vigorous activity, the suggestion is 20-minute sessions three or more days per week.
3. Strength training activities are needed at least twice a week. And all these activities should hit all of the major muscle groups, working the upper body, lower body, and core.
4. To reduce your body w eight by 5% or more, or you’ve lost a lot of weight and want to keep it off, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services indicates that a minimum of 300 minutes of moderate-intensity activity weekly may be needed.
Script:
The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) jointly recommend that, for good health, adults get at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity five days per week or more (150 minutes per week). If the activity is vigorous, the suggestion is 20-minute sessions three or more days per week (60
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