从中美节日看文化差异
从中美节日看文化差异
一中美节假日的来历
1.1中国节假日及其来历
春节
俗称“过年”。燃放鞭炮，表示辞旧迎新。早上吃饺子，中午摆家宴，晚上吃甜食。一天中不许斗嘴，不得摔碎碗盘，摔碎了，要马上说“岁岁平安。”以兆来年万事如意，合家欢乐。邻人见面，互说吉利话。晚辈向长辈磕头问候，长辈为孩子发压岁钱。初二到初五，出嫁女子要娘家“拜年”。携带礼馍、礼条（带肋骨的猪肉）、四种鲜青菜（寓四季长亲。
元宵节
又称“上元节”，即阴历正月十五日。是我国一个重要的传统节日。在古书中，这一天称为“上元”，其夜称“元夜”、“元夕”或“元宵”。元宵这一名称一直沿用至今。由于元宵有张灯、看灯的习俗，民间又习称为“灯节”。此外还有吃元宵、踩高跷、猜灯谜等风俗。我国古代历法和月相有密切的关系，每月十五，人们迎来了一年之中第一个月满之夜，这一天理所当然地被看作是吉日。早在汉代，正月十五已被用作祭祀天帝、祈求福佑的日子。后来古人把正月十五称“上元”，七月十五称“中元”，十月十五称“下元”。最迟在南北朝早
期，三元已是要举行大典的日子。三元中，上元最受重视。到后来，中元、下元的庆典逐渐废除，而上元经久不衰。
农历五月初五：端午节
阴历五月初五日为“端午节”。“端午”本名“端五”，端是初的意思。“五”与“午”互为谐音而通用。是我国的一个古老节日。我国古代最早的爱国诗人屈原
遭谗言被放逐后，目睹楚国政治日益腐败，又不得实现自己的政治理想，无力拯救危亡的祖国，于是自投汩罗江以殉国。此后，人们为了不使鱼虾吃掉其尸体，纷纷用糯米和面粉捏成各种形状的饼子投入江心，这便成为后来端午节吃粽子、炸糕的来源。这风俗已传到了国外。
农历八月十五：中秋节
阴历八月十五日，这一天正当秋季的正中，故称“中秋”。到了晚上，月圆桂香，旧俗人们把它看作大团圆的象征，要备上各种瓜果和熟食品，是赏月的佳节。中秋节还要吃月饼。据传说，元朝末年，广大人民为了推翻残暴的元朝统治，把发起的日期写在纸条上，放在月饼馅子里，以便互相秘密传递，号召大家在八月十五日起义。终于在这一天烘发了全国规模的农民大起义，推翻了腐朽透顶的元朝统治。此后，中秋吃月饼的风俗就更加广泛地流传开来。
农历九月初九：重阳节
阴历九月初九。我国古代以九为阳，九月九日正是阴月阳日，故名“重阳”。相传东汉时汝南人桓影，听到费长房对他说，九月九日汝南将有大灾难，赶快叫家里人缝制小代，内装茱萸，缚在臂上，登上高山，饮菊花酒，借以避难。桓景这一天全家登山，晚上回家，果然家里的鸡、狗、羊全部死掉。从此，民间就有在重阳节做茱萸代、饮菊花酒、举行庙会、登高等风俗。因“高”与“糕”音同，所以重阳节又有吃“重阳糕”的习俗。唐代诗人王维有《九月九日忆山东兄弟》一诗：“独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。遥知兄弟登高处，遍插茱萸少一人。”记载了当时的风俗习惯。由于该诗感情真挚，至今脍炙人口。
1.2美国节日的来历和庆祝方式
美国的节日繁多，名称琳琅满目，什么马丁·路德金日，总统日，国旗日，老兵节，等等等等，让人眼花缭乱。不过，真正重要的节日，也就那么几个。按照日期依次排列下来，是新年，情人节，复活节，独立日，万圣节，感恩节和圣诞节。
美国的元旦新年，和圣诞节相比，过得有些悄无声息。这也可以理解。在许多美国人看来，圣诞才是一年新的开始。在经过了圣诞的狂喜之后，新年的到来，显得有些多余似的。
和新年的冷清相比，2月14日的情人节要热闹许多。到了这一天，人人都会忙着发送卡片，分派巧克力，
购买鲜花，和家人朋友聚餐，表达彼此间的情意。当然，最甜蜜的，是恋爱中的情侣。最开心的，我想，应该是鲜花店的老板。情人节这一天，鲜花简直是卖疯了。
复活节在我们中国人看来，显得有些陌生，但在美国，复活节却是相当重要的宗教节日，其重要性仅次于圣诞节。庆祝复活节，一方面是庆祝耶稣的复活，感谢他为人类所做的牺牲奉献。另一方面，是庆祝春节的到来，万物在经过了冬天的严酷考验之后，开始复苏，欣欣向荣。
就像圣诞老人和圣诞树是圣诞节的象征一样，兔子和鸡蛋是复活节的标志，它们象征着活力和丰产。到了复活节这天，商店里通常会高挂可爱夸张的卡通兔子。人家房前的树上，缀满装着糖果的彩塑料鸡蛋，任它们随着微风轻轻摇摆。有孩子的人家，早早地，带着孩子去社区聚会场所，品尝美味食品，参加各种各样的游戏。更多的人，则去教堂，和众多的教友一起过节。
有意思的是，复活节的日期并不确定。它的日期确定有些复杂，通常是在3月20日后第一个满月之后的第一个星期天。在西方，复活节有可能落在3月23日至4月26日的任何一天。由于这样的安排非常复杂，据说要经过570万年后，同样日期的复活节，才有可能重复一次。
美国的独立日，相当于我们中国的国庆节。在7月4日这一天，当地政府往往会安排热闹的国庆游行。去年，我和几位中国朋友跑去看了热闹。美国的国庆游行，显得有些松散但是非常快乐。各种民族各种肤各种年纪各行各行的人，穿戴本民族最
万圣节是什么节日是什么意思有特的服装，或是本职业的制服，在街上或载歌载舞或吹吹打打，一路逍遥而过。有调皮的孩子，从人中钻出来，在队伍旁边手足舞蹈，一路紧跟，也没关系，反正警察叔叔也不管。
美国10月31日的万圣节，其实就是我们中国人所说的鬼节。和我们中国人对鬼节的避讳相比，美国人好像非常喜欢这个节日，尤其是孩子，10月还没开始，就在热切地盼望万圣节的到来。
从起源上来说，万圣节也算是一个宗教节日，它表示活力四射的夏天已经结束，冷酷的代表死亡的冬天正在来临。到了这一天，孩子们会装扮成各种古怪恐怖的鬼魂样子，敲邻居家的门讨要糖果。想来，美国人快乐的万圣节，对于孩子的心理成长，也有着积极的作用，它使得孩子对于死亡这样沉重的话题，能够用一种乐观的心态去对待。
11月的第四个星期四，是美国的感恩节。这一天，最倒霉的要算是火鸡了。因为这一天，几乎所有的家庭都会烤一只火鸡，全家一同分享。当然，也有一只最幸运的火鸡，按照美国人的风俗，得到总统的赦免而幸免一难。
感恩节的设立，最初的意思，是为了感谢上帝的慷慨，使得大地丰收，人们可以收获粮食。在美国最流行的解释是，为了感谢当地土著印第安人，在新移民刚来新大陆的时候，给了他们非常重要的帮助。如今，感恩节成了美国家庭聚会的重要节日。美国最重要的节日，当属12月25日的圣诞节。关于圣诞的来源和历史，人们了解得也最清楚。在美国人看来，最富有诗情画意的圣诞节，是在白雪皑皑的日子里，
全家围坐在火炉边品尝美食。可惜，这样的白圣诞节，并不容易遇到。
二中美文化差异的原因
中国文化的渊源来自中庸儒学，这决定了中国人非常注重面子，注重尊严，任何有损于面子及集体尊严的事是不可饶恕的。或者说，中国人的行动准则多少有谦牧自守的传统大国观，渗透著“己所不欲，勿施于人”的内敛意味。中美文化本质上的相悖、两者间的内在矛盾是产生摩擦的主要原因，而中美在经济利益上的相互补充又将两国吸引在一起，导致双方为文化上的歧异做出妥协。解决中美之间的问题，文化差异同样不是对决的理由，恰恰相反，中国文化经过上下五千年的历史长河洗礼，具有极强的韧性和包容性，因此中美关系在未来一系列问题上有可能产生摩擦与不和，但这种摩擦与不和不会影响中美关系的长期发展
三中美传统节日对比
庆祝方式不同：在中国过年放鞭炮，粘春联，给压岁钱；而美国人过圣诞要买圣诞树，礼物。饮食特不同：在中国过年吃饺子；而美国人过圣诞吃蛋糕、布丁、烤鹅。理念上的不同：中国很多节日是以节气时令为节日如清明，端午；美国则是以感恩节，万圣节，情人节，愚人节，复活节……多以事件为主的节日。
总之，一个民族的文化，凝聚着这个民族对世界和自身的历史认知和现实感受，积淀着这个民族最深层的精神追求和行为准则。任何一个国家和民族文化的延续和发展，都是在既有文化传统基础上进行的文化传承。如果离开传统，割断血脉，就会迷失自我，丧失根本。
The origins of a U.S.holiday
1.1The origin of Chinese holidays.
Chinese New Year
Commonly known as"New Year."Set off firecrackers,said the New Year.The morning to eat dumplings,put a private banquet at noon,at night to eat sweets.Not allowed to bicker the day,not broken dishes,broken and quickly say"Sui Ping." Trillions in the coming year all the best,fun.Neighbors of each other that auspicious words.Greetings to the elders bowed juniors,seniors made for the children lucky money.Tw o days to the fifth day,married women to home"Happy New Year."Carry gift bun,courtesy bar(with pork ribs),four fresh vegetables(apartment long pro seasons.
Lantern festival
Also known as the"Lantern Festival",that is,the first month on the15th lunar calendar.Is an important tra
ditional festival in China.In the ancient books,the day called"Spring",the night called"per night","Lantern Festival"or"Lantern."Lantern of the name still in use.Lantern Festival lanterns because there is to see light of customs,folk and learning known as the"Festival of Lights."There are also eating Lantern,walking on stilts,riddles and other customs.China's ancient calendar and moon phases are closely related,fifth month,it ushered in the first month of the year over the night,the day rightly be regarded as auspicious.As early as the Han Dynasty,the fifteenth day the Emperor of Heaven has been used as a ritual to pray for a blessed day.The fifteenth day of the ancients was called"Spring",July15called"Ghost"Oct.15,said,"Ha Yuen."No later than early in the Northern and Southern Dynasties,three is the day of the ceremony to be held.Three,the Spring the most attention.Later,Ghost,Ha Yuen gradual abolition of the celebration,and Spring enduring.
May Fifth Lunar:Dragon Boat Festival
The fifth day of lunar month as"Dragon Boat Festival.""Dragon,"whose real name is"five",meaning the beginning and end."Five"and"afternoon"are homophonic and universal.Is an ancient festival in China.The earliest of the ancient patriotic poet Qu Yuan
After being exiled by evil of others,witnessed the growing corruption in the political state of Chu,but als
o may not realize their own political ideals,unable to save the peril of the country,then vote Miluo River from the martyred.Since then,the people in order not to eat the bodies of fish and shrimp,with rice and flour have molded into various shapes of the pancake into river, which has become the Dragon Boat Festival was eating the dumplings,fried cake of the source.This custom has spread abroad.
Lunar Calendar:Mid-Autumn Festival
Lunar August15,the day just fall right in the middle,so called"moon."In the evening,full moon cinnamon,old customs of the people happy to see it as a symbol,to prepare all types of fruits and cooked food,is the full moon of the season.Mid-Autumn Festival would also like to eat moon cake.According to legend,the Yuan Dynasty,the majority of the people to overthrow the tyrannical rule of the Yuan Dynasty,the launch date of the riots to write a piece of paper,on the moon cake stuffing house for passing secrets to each other,calling everyone in the Aug.15uprising.On this day has finally made a national scale drying peasant uprising to overthrow the corrupt through and through the Yuan dynasty rule.Since then,the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival to eat moon cake the more widely spread.
Lunar Chujiu:Chung Yeung Festival
September ninth day lunar calendar.To nine are positive in ancient China,September9is the Yin Yueya
ng Day,named "Double Ninth Festival."According to legend,people Huan Ying Runan the Eastern Han Dynasty,a long room to hear charges against him,said Sept.9Runan will have a major disaster,quickly called the family sewing small generation,built Zhuyu,tied in the arm,boarded the mountains,drink chrysanthemum wine,in order to evacuate.Huan Jing family day hiking,and at night, and sure enough the family chickens,dogs,sheep all die.Since then,people have to do dogwood on behalf of the Chung Yeung Festival,drink chrysanthemum wine,held in the temple,climb and other customs.Due to"high"and"cake"sound the same,so there eating Double Ninth Festival"Double Ninth Festival".Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei has"September9Brothers in Shandong,"a poem:"Stranger in a strange land alone,every festival,pro.Afar that brothers climb,Biancha cornel but one person."Recorded at the timecustoms.As sincere feelings of the poem,has popular.
1.2The origins of American holidays and the celebration
United States,many festivals,the name an array,what Martin Luther King Day,Presidents Day,Flag Day,Veterans Day, and so on and so dazzling.However,the really important festival,it so few.Descending order by date down the New Year, Valentine's Day,Easter,Independence Day,Halloween,Thanksgiving and Christmas.
United States,New Ye ar's Day New Year and Christmas,compared flies there in silence.This is understandable.To many Americans,Christmas is the year of new beginning.After the ecstasy of Christmas,the New Year,seemed like some redundant.
And New Year's deserted compared to February14Valentine's Day should be a lot of fun.To this day,everyone will be too busy to send cards,distributed chocolates,buy flowers,dinner with friends and family to express affection for each other.Of course,the sweetest,is in love couple.The most fun,I think,should be the flower shop owner.Valentine's Day,flowers are selling is simply crazy.
Easter in our eyes of Chinese people,looks a little strange,but in the United States,Easter is a very important religious holiday,second only to Christmas in importance.Celebration of Easter,on the one hand to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus for his sacrifice made for mankind.On the other hand,is celebrating the arrival of Chinese New Year,after all the harsh test of the winter after the recovery and prosperity.
Like Santa Claus and Christmas tree as a symbol of Christmas,Easter bunny and eggs are the symbol of a symbol of their vitality and fertility.By Easter this day,the store will usually exaggerated cartoon cute rabbit hanging.Family room in front of a tree,encrusted colored plastic eggs filled with candy,either
they are gently swaying with the breeze.Families with children, early,take their children to the community gathering place for delicious food,to participate in a variety of games.More people, then go to church,and spend the holiday with a large number of Catholics.
Interestingly,the date of Easter is uncertain.It is somewhat complicated to determine the date,usually in March20after the first full moon after the first Sunday.In the West,Easter could fall on March23to April26any day.Because of this arrangement is very complex,it is said to go through570million years,the same date of Easter,may be repeated only once.
U.S.Independence Day,the equivalent of our National Day of China.On July4this day,the local government arrangements are often lively parade.Last year,I and several friends went to look lively in China.American National Day parade,a bit loose but very happy.Various ethnic variety of color lines lines of all ages who wear the nation's most distinctive clothing,or uniforms of the profession,or singing and dancing in the streets or Chuichuidada,all the way Happy by.A mischievous child,drill out the crowd in the team next to the hand,foot and dance,all the way to keep up,it does not matter, anyway,regardless of the policeman.
United States Oct.31Halloween,in fact,is what we Chinese call Halloween.And our Chinese taboo on H
alloween than Americans seem very fond of this festival,especially children,in October has not yet begun to eagerly look forward to the arrival of Halloween.
From the point of origin,Halloween can be considered a religious holiday,it means vibrant summer has ended,a cold winter is coming on behalf of death.To this day,the children will dress up like the ghost of a variety of strange terror knocking

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